Introduction. Influenza remains a global public health problem due to high morbidity, associated mortality, and economic losses. Vaccination is a key tool for the disease control.

The purpose of the study. To assess the epidemiological and economic effectiveness of influenza vaccination programs in the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2022 through analysis of prevented cases of morbidity, mortality, and related losses.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from Rosstat and Rospotrebnadzor was conducted. Regression modeling was applied to evaluate the association between vaccination coverage and influenza and influenza related morbidity/mortality with a one-year lag. Economic effectiveness was assessed according to the guidelines MR 5.1.0095–14 "Calculation of actual and prevented economic losses from mortality, morbidity, and disability of the population associated with the negative impact of environmental factors".

Results. At the national level, mortality ranged from 0.22 per 100,000 population in 2011 to 0.42 per 100,000 in 2014; the lowest morbidity was recorded in 2014 (9.02 per 100,000), and the highest in 2011 (216.5 per 100,000). Statistically significant inverse correlations (p < 0.05) were found between vaccination coverage and the morbidity/mortality rates of the considered nosologies. Model-based estimates indicated vaccination to prevent up to 92.1 thousand influenza cases annually among children, 1.772 million influenza-associated ARVI cases, and 1,432 influenza-associated pneumonia deaths among adults. The cost-benefit ratio of influenza vaccination campaigns ranged from 2.21 (2019) to 3.48 rubles per 1 ruble invested (2011). The total prevented economic losses were estimated at 54.49 billion rubles in 2011 and 102.48 billion rubles in 2019.

Research limitations. The study’s limitations include the set of analyzed data, the mathematical modeling methods used, and the estimates of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion. The findings confirm that influenza vaccination programs are effective medical and economic strategies that significantly contribute to reducing the disease burden and strengthening public health in Russia.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the approval of a biomedical ethics committee of other documents (the study was performed using publicly available official statistics).

Contribution of the authors:
Zaitseva N.V. — research concept and design, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Kleyn S.V. — editing, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article;
Glukhikh M.V. — statistical data processing, collection and processing material, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: September 3, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. High mortality from certain unspecified causes of death leads to a degradation of mortality statistics for causes, which is especially noticeable in a number of Russian regions.

Purpose. To assess the quality of mortality statistics in the regions of Russia through the prism of the frequency usage of codes from unspecified causes of death.

Materials and methods. Standardized mortality rates from unspecified causes of death and their share of the standardized mortality rate from all causes were calculated, 2011–2021. The Russian database on fertility and mortality in Russia was used.

Results. In the Republics of Bashkortostan, Chechnya and Ingushetia, up to 40–45% of deaths are encoded by codes of unspecified causes. The lowest proportion of unspecified causes were observed in the Tula (18%), Penza (19%) and Leningrad (21%) regions, the Republics of Dagestan (20%) and Buryatia (20%). The rating of regions with a high all-cause age-standardized death rates is largely formed by the large contribution of the standardized death rate from unspecified causes of the class “Diseases of the circulatory system” in both sexes (correlation coefficient 0.83 for men and 0.76 for women), injuries with uncertain intentions of the class “External causes of mortality and morbidity” in men (0.38) and “Senility” of the class “Symptoms and signs” in women (0.45).

Research limitations. The use of the abridged list of the ICD-10.

Conclusions. Regions use differently both unspecified code and codes of large classes in general. In regions with a high cumulative proportion of unspecified causes, the proportion of unspecified causes in each of the ICD-10 classes considered is most often high. The mirror trend in the mortality from some unspecified and specified causes of death suggests which causes of death regions tend to encode as unspecified.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require a conclusion from the Local Ethics Committee.

Contribution of the authors:
Yumaguzin V.V. — research concept and design, writing the text, statistical data processing;
Vinnik M.V. — collection and processing of material, compilation of the list of literature, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. This study is an output of a research project implemented as part of the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: February 28, 2025 / Revised: May 15, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. The proportion of deaths in and out of hospitals varies considerably across countries and depends on many factors.

Purpose. To identify changes in the structure of the place of death of the deceased in the regions of Russia in 2018 and 2023 depending on the cause of death.

Materials and methods. Tables were obtained upon request from Rosstat in form C56 for 2018 and 2023 by classes of diseases according to ICD-10 and regions of the Russian Federation.

Results. In 2023, the share of deaths in the Russian Federation at home (43.3%) decreased by 7.8% compared to 2018 (51.1%). The number of regions in which the share of deaths at home was more than 50% in 2023 decreased by 2.2 times (from 49 to 22). The share of deaths in hospitals increased by 6% (from 31.9 to 38.2%). The highest proportion of in-hospital deaths was due to infectious diseases: 75.9% in 2018 and 80.4% in 2023. Diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms accounted for 63.8% of all in-hospital deaths in 2018 and 61.2% in 2023; at home — 59.9% and 68.4%, respectively. The maximum increase in the proportion of in-hospital deaths (almost 10%) was recorded for three classes: diseases of the endocrine system, respiratory organs, and neoplasms. Significant differences were found between the regions by the place of death in general and by disease classes.

Research limitations. The data from Form C56 fails to allow determining the proportion of deaths in nursing homes, homes for the disabled, and other places, since deaths in “another place” are combined into one line.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate to a trend towards an increasing proportion of deaths in hospital and elsewhere, against the background of a decreasing proportion of deaths at home, with significant regional variability.

Compliance with ethical standards. The conclusion of the ethics committee was not required given the non-personalized nature of the data.

Contribution of the authors:
Kakorina E.P. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;
Samorodskaya I.V. — writing the text, statistical processing of data, compiling the list of references.
All co-authors approved the final version of the article, are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: February 6, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. The health of the population of large industrial centers has been sufficiently studied and widely presented in reports. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the health status of residents of medium-sized (by population) cities, the industrial production of which is determined by the city-forming enterprises (single research studies obtained from the RSCI database).

The purpose of the study. To assess the health status of the adult population living in medium-sized cities, the economy of which has a single-industry character.

Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the primary morbidity of the adult population (18 years and older) of three medium-sized cities of the Udmurt Republic (hereinafter UR) was carried out including Glazov, Votkinsk, Sarapul, Izhevsk (the largest), and UR as a whole over a five-year period (2016–2020) according to the accounting forms of state statistics No. 12 and No. 7. Statistical analysis made using the Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft Inc.).

Results. The primary morbidity of the adult population of medium-sized cities of the UR (Votkinsk, Glazov, Sarapul) with a monoprophilic nature of the economy significantly was found to differ from the average level in the republic for the following diseases: respiratory organs, digestive organs, skin and subcutaneous tissue. At the same time, the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system, genitourinary system, and neoplasms is higher in the largest city — Izhevsk and UR as a whole than in medium-sized cities. The revealed differences show the need for a differentiated approach to the analysis of the health status of the population depending on the category of cities.

Research limitations. The range of studies is limited to a 5-year period (2016–2020).

Conclusion. In the course of the study, a range of priority diseases of the adult population of medium-sized (in terms of population) cities was determined. The results obtained can be used in the development of differentiated programs at the regional level in the formation of a long-term health strategy.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved at a meeting of the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Center for Strategic Planning" of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (Minutes No. 01/10/21 dated 25.10.2021).

Contribution of the authors:
Sabirova Z.F. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material, writing of text;
Khripach L.V. — statistical data processing, editing;
Budarina O.V. — editing;
Skovronskaya S.A., Mullagaleeva N.F. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing.
All co-authors — approval of the final version, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of state task № 388-00084-24-00.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: March 15, 2024 / Revised: November 20, 2024 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 202

Introduction. The global practice of assessing risk factors and preventive measures for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) includes a variety of approaches aimed at reducing their prevalence and mortality. Successful examples from different countries show that an integrated approach and the involvement of all sectors of society can lead to significant improvements in the prevention of NCDs, and the World Health Organization (WHO) identifies several key measures for the prevention of NCDs.

The purpose of the study. To identify the most significant global trends in the assessment of risk factors (data collection, epidemiological analysis, and monitoring) and the implemented measures for the prevention of chronic NCDs

A review and analysis of foreign and domestic scientific literature on trends in the assessment of risk factors and implemented measures for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Springer Nature Link databases, BMJ Publishing Group Limited and RSCI resources for 2020–2025.

Key global practices in the study of risk factors cover the assessment and monitoring of risk factors. Data collection and epidemiological analysis are used to assess risk factors, and national surveys and registers exist in many countries. The role of psychosocial risk factors in the development of non-communicable diseases is being studied. Measures for the prevention of NCDs are being implemented, such as educational programs, policy changes and legislative initiatives, the creation of an infrastructure for an active lifestyle, and the use of innovations in the collection, systematization, management, and administration of patient data, which makes it possible to identify risk groups and conduct proactive intervention programs for them.

Contribution of the authors:
Timoshevskii A.A. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material, writing of text, compilation of a list of references;
Glukhova Ju.O. — collection and processing of the material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. This article was prepared by the author’s team within the framework of the research «Innovative approaches in the development of the public health system of the city of Moscow» (no. according to EGISU: No. 123032100060-2).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 2, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. Mental disorders are the leading global cause of illness and poor quality of life. The demand for mental health services is steadily increasing. However, the shortage of specially trained health workers, high cost of standard therapy, etc. make it difficult to engage in face-to-face psychological support interventions. In this regard, mobile and Internet technologies can be considered as potential tools to improve access to health care. These tools are being studied in many countries, but it is still unclear which of them have the greatest impact and what exactly contributes to achieving the best results.

The purpose of the study. To analyze the current international literature on existing mobile applications for the recognition, prevention, and treatment of mental health problems.

The search for scientific literature was carried out in the international PubMed/MEDLINE database for 2024-2025. The following keywords were used in different combinations for the search: “mental health”; “mobile apps for mental health”; “depression”; “dementia”.

Mobile apps have been shown to be successfully used in many countries to address a variety of issues, including high levels of psychological stress, depression and burnout in the workplace, insomnia, risk factors for dementia, etc. However, not all apps are effective enough, and there is uncertainty about patient adherence to digital mental health treatments. The review discusses possible reasons for the lack of effectiveness of these methods or patient engagement in programs, as well as ways to improve them.

Mobile applications for smartphones can provide excellent results in improving mental health, showing effectiveness in a wide range of problems. Therefore, further development of this area seems appropriate.

Funding. This article was prepared by the author as part of the research project “Innovative approaches to the development of the public health care system of the city of Moscow” (EGISU No. 123032100060-2).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: March 19, 2025 / Revised: June 10, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. Analysis and generalization of the experience of the Center for Hygiene Education of the Population of Rospotrebnadzor in the development and implementation of modern methods and digital tools for sanitary and hygiene education aimed at the prevention and containment of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Purpose. Summary of the work carried out by the Center for Hygienic Education of the Population of Rospotrebnadzor during the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the implementation of sanitary and educational activities using modern information and communication technologies.

Materials and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the activities of the Center for Hygiene Education of the Population of Rospotrebnadzor from 2020 to 2022. To determine effective communication channels, a sociological survey was conducted with 5,000 respondents assessing their level of trust in various sources of information about COVID-19. Content analysis, web analytics, and evaluation of the implementation of digital solutions were used.

Results. A high level of significance has been established for modern methods of sanitary and hygienic education as an integral part of a complex of anti-epidemic and preventive measures aimed at reducing the rate of spread of infection in the Russian Federation.

Research limitations. The study is based on retrospective data on the activities of the Center for Hygiene Education of the Population of Rospotrebnadzor for 2020–2022.

Conclusion. In the context of the epidemic crisis, sanitary and hygiene education based on digital technologies and targeted communication strategies has become an effective component of the system of anti-epidemic and preventive measures.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Received: April 18, 2025 / Revised: July 4, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. The article presents the complex analysis of management decision making on implementing recommended (not mandatory) preventive measures against infectious diseases in the corporate environment.

The purpose of the study. To detect and systemize key barriers enterprises have to face at various stages in decision making when implementing recommended measures for infectious diseases prevention; to consider targeted instruments to stimulate their implementation.

Materials and methods. The study relies on using the process approach, which considers a management decision as a sequence of interrelated stages: problem identification, search for options how to solve it, selecting an optimal variant, implementation, and efficiency estimate. The research methodology combines theoretical simulation (based on the adapted model by G. Simon) and qualitative analysis of data obtained by a social survey, which was conducted among top managers. This allowed verifying the existing barriers and to describe them in detail using examples form real business practices. Special attention is paid to identifying critical points of intervention where public measures can stimulate businesses most effectively.

Results. Typical barriers were detected at each stage that hampered implementation of preventive measures. They included an absence of risk awareness, deficit of reliable information about preventive techniques, uncertain selection criteria, managerial difficulties in implementation, and difficulties in assessing performance and efficiency. At the problem identification stage, information campaigns and creation of standards for reporting are the key instruments; when selection options, creating registers of evidence practices and ‘packet solutions’; in implementation, financial support mechanisms.

Research limitations. The study is limited by the size of the analyzed sample.

Conclusion. The study results show the necessity to overcome information asymmetry and develop targeted instruments for stimulating businesses, which consider specific features of each stage in decision making. The study makes a contribution to developing the management decision and state regulation theory by suggesting a new outlook for analyzing interaction between businesses and the state in preventive medicine.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies of Rospotrebnadzor (The meeting report No. 1 dated February 03, 2020). Prior to taking part in the survey, all respondents were provided with information about the study aims and had the right to cease their participation at any stage. All data were depersonalized.

Contribution of the authors:
Goleva O.I., Shur P.Z., Luzhetskiy K.P. — concept, editing the text, approval of the final version of the manuscript;
Barg А.О., Luzhetskiy K.P., Goleva O.I. — data collection and analysis, writing the text and abstract, responsibility for the integrity of all the parts of the article;
Barg А.О. — development of the questionnaire, data analysis.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: August 29, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. Formaldehyde is a well-known and widespread pollutant, an endocrine disruptor, capable of forming DNA adducts, causing genotoxic stress.

The purpose of the study. To evaluate the contamination of the formaldehyde biosensor and the polymorphism of the MTHFR A1298C gene as risk factors for the formation of thyroid pathology in children.

Materials and methods. Overall, we examined seventy nine adolescents aged of 13.59 ± 1.74 years exposed to airborne formaldehyde at the level of 2.3 average annual MPL; of them, 39 adolescents (the observation group) were diagnosed with other specified disorders of thyroid (E07.8); the reference group was made of 40 conditionally healthy adolescents. We examined levels of specific sensitization to formaldehyde (IgE), chemokine MCP-1, T4, TTH, a/b to TG, a/b to TPO by Elias tests. A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was estimated by RT PCR.

Results. The level of bioexposure by formaldehyde in the observation group was found to be significantly higher than the background range and in the comparison group by 2.3 and 1.2 times, respectively. Specific immune response was also more prominent in the observation group (1.4 times as high levels of IgE specific to formaldehyde); TTH and MCP-1 levels were also higher in this group, 1.3 and 1.2 times respectively against the reference one. Comparative analysis of A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene revealed authentically higher frequency of the C allele, 1.9 times higher in the observation group against the reference one (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.26–5.16; p < 0,01), and the CC genotype (OR = 19.29; 95% CI: 1.06–350.64; p < 0.01), which creates 1.6 times higher risks of thyroid diseases (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.26–1.95).

Research limitations. The small sample size.

Conclusion. The study findings confirm the hypothesis that additional bioexposure to formaldehyde occurs due to production of endogenous formaldehyde resulting from the A1298C folate cycle modified by the MTHFR gene knock-out. This promotes formation of pathological thyroid phenotype (E07.8).

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies (The Meeting Protocol No. 4 dated February 21, 2023). All participants were informed about the study aim and provided their informed written consent to it.

Contribution of the authors: Dolgikh O.V. — study design, data analysis and interpretation, intermediate approval of the manuscript to be published; Kazakova О.А. — study planning, data analysis and interpretation, creating a draft manuscript; Luchnikova V.А. — participating in creating a draft manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of the article and bear full responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.

Funding. The research was not granted any sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: May 21, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. Solving the problem of reducing the adversee impact of environmental risk factors on the harmonious development of cognitive functions is an urgent task.

The purpose of the study. To study the state of cognitive functions in children living in conditions of chronic aerotechnogenic exposure to neurotropic impurities.

Materials and methods. There were examined one hundred sixty seven children aged of 5–7 years including 136 preschoolers of the observation group lived in an area with excess hygienic standards for the concentration of lead, nickel, and phenol in the atmospheric air; 31 child of the comparison group lived in an area characterized by relative sanitary and hygienic well-being. To study cognitive functions, we used a series of test tasks to assess attention, memory, perception, logical thinking, analytical and synthetic activity. The state of the oxidative-antioxidant system and the level of glutamic acid were studied.

Results. In the exposure zones, the multiplicity of average annual MPC excesses. It was up to 2.4 times for lead, 0.04 times for nickel, and 0.25 times for phenol. In children from the observation group, the frequency of excess of chemicals in the blood relative to the comparison group was 2.1 times for phenol, 1.3–1.7 times — maximum concentrations of lead and nickel in the blood. The effectiveness of tests to assess the level of memory and attention development in the exposed children was 1.2–1.5 times lower than in the children of the comparison group (p = 0.001–0.04). A relationship was revealed between the increased blood content of lead, nickel, and phenol and a decrease in memory, attention, and sensorimotor coordination (–0.183 ≤ r ≤ –0.145; 0.020 ≤ р ≤ 0.080). Causal relationships were found between the content of neurotoxicants in the blood and the level of glutamic acid, plasma malondialdehyde, and antioxidant activity (R² = 0.19–0.75, p = 0.0001–0.022).

Research limitations. Age-dependent limitation of the possibility to use cognitive tests.

Conclusions. Indicators of cognitive decline are important for identifying risk groups among the child population living in the zone of aerogenic influence of industrial emissions components in order to further develop preventive measures.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies (Meeting report No. 2 dated February 1, 2021). Legal representatives were informed about the aim of the study and provided their voluntary informed consent to participation.

Contribution of the authors:
Savinkov М.А. — data collection, statistical analysis, writing the text;
Nosov А.Е. — study concept, editing the text;
Shcherbakov А.А. — data collection, writing the text;
Ustinova O.Yu. — study concept, editing the text;
Valina S.L. — editing the text.
All authors have approved the final version of the article and bear full responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.

Funding. The research was not granted any sponsor support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: August 29, 2025 / October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. Harmful physical factors of production, such as noise and vibration, having a prohypertensive effect, cause nonspecific adverse responses of the cardiovascular system and ause an increased risk of arterial hypertension (AH), which requires additional preventive measures. In this regard, the therapeutic method of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES therapy), which has a targeted effect on neuroendocrine regulation, stress adaptation, and some functional parameters of vascular tone, seems promising.

The aim of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of TES therapy in preventing and reducing the risk of arterial hypertension in workers of harmful industries.

Materials and methods. The study included eighty five workers of harmful industries engaged in production processes accompanied by significant noise and vibration, and who have an increased risk for hypertension. During the implementation of the preventive program using TES therapy, the state of health was assessed according to daily blood pressure monitoring (DBPM), adaptive potential, heart rate variability, and psychological indicators (Spielberger test, Well-being, Activity, Mood(SAN) test, SF-36 quality of life questionnaire).

Results. TES therapy helps to normalize blood pressure (p < 0.05), heart rate variability (p < 0.05), reflecting a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system (p < 0.05), and a decrease in the index of functional changes. The use of TES therapy led to an improvement in the psycho-emotional state due to a decrease in the level of reactive anxiety, an increase in the SAN test, and an improvement in the SF-36 quality of life (p < 0.05).

Research limitations. The study is limited to evaluating the effectiveness of TES therapy in 85 workers of harmful industries with increased noise and vibration levels, who have an increased risk of hypertension.

Conclusion. The results of the study make it possible to recommend the inclusion of TES therapy in the management system for personalized occupational risk of hypertension among workers in harmful industries associated with increased noise and vibration levels.

Compliance with ethical standards. The research program was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 16 of February 18, 2021). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution of the authors:
Sukhova A.V. — the concept and design of the study, collection and static processing of material, writing a text, collection of literature data, editing;
Preobrazhenskaya E.A. — the concept and design of the study, collection and static processing of material, writing a text, collection of literature data, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: October 1, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. In the last decade, specialized food products (SFP) and food supplements (FS) have been actively used in high-performance sports. Their contribution to providing athletes with nutrients and energy can be extremely significant, which seems to be an urgent problem for study.

The purpose of the study. To study the frequency of prevalence of SFP use, the reasons for their choice in athletes of various disciplines.

Materials and methods. There were examined one hundred seventy two athletes of various disciplines as follows: synchronized figure skating, freestyle, basketball, ice hockey, rowing, archery.

Results. Significant differences in the frequency of intake and range of SFP and FS were revealed. Among athletes of the Olympic reserve level, up to 92% use such products, in contrast to student (64–83% inconstantly) and regional teams (50–54%). At the same time, the total levels of intake of some biologically active substances are not taken into account, exceeding not only the adequate (by 34.8 times), but also the upper permissible level of consumption (by 10.4 times). The leading reasons for choosing SFP for athletes’ nutrition were acceleration of recovery (up to 72%), build-up of muscle mass (up to 60%) and improvement of productivity (up to 48%).

Research limitations. Athletes do not always have full information about the SFP and FS they use, which are provided at the expense of budgetary funds by coaching staff specialists during training events (camps).

Conclusion. Insufficient knowledge in athletes, coaches and sports medicine doctors in the field of application of specialized products leads to additional overstrain of metabolic systems and cannot contribute to high sports results. Systematic training and advanced training of specialists is necessary for practical implementation of nutrition strategies for athletes of various sports, supplementation of diets with biologically active substances, elimination of adverse effects on health.

Compliance with ethical standards. Research protocol No. 11 dated 12/15/2021 was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Contribution of the authors:
Kobelkova I.V. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Seledkova Yu.A. — design of the study, writing the text;
Korosteleva M.M. — writing the text, compiling the list of references.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the FNI topic No. FGMF-2022-0004.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no obvious or potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.

Received: February 7, 2025 / Revised: March 27, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

Introduction. The occupational activities of healthcare workers are associated with constant exposure to stress factors, including neuropsychic overload, work monotony, and high responsibility. These factors increase the risk of psychosomatic disorders, highlighting the critical importance of occupational safety for medical personnel.

The purpose of the study. To assess the extent to which workplace stress factors impact on the attention and productivity. As well as to identify psychophysiological impairments among employees at “Central District Hospital” in the Baksan City.

Materials and methods. The study involved one hundred fifty healthcare workers (75 men and 75 women, mean age 39.1 ± 8.2 years) at the outpatient, therapeutic, and surgical departments. The study employed the following methodologies: Collection of anamnestic data; Assessment of the intensity of regulatory mechanisms: Calculation of heart rate (HR) and measurement of blood pressure (diastolic and systolic); Ruffier test — to evaluate the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system; Spielberg Scale (adapted into Russian by Yu.L. Khanin, 1977) for assessing anxiety levels; Anfimov’s correction test to measure the degree of concentration and attention stability.

Results. Healthcare workers demonstrated moderate resilience to stress factors within their work environment. The highest blood pressure levels were recorded among staff in the outpatient department (124.5 ± 2.52/80.1 ± 1.85). By the end of the workday, a moderate decline in productivity and attention concentration was observed across all participants. Anxiety levels were notably higher among surgical department employees (52.5 ± 1.4) compared to those in the outpatient clinic (49.3 ± 1.2). The majority of medical personnel reported increased irritability and fatigue as the workday completed.

Research limitations. Cross-sectional design, restricted sample size, reliance on subjective assessment scales.

Conclusion. The study revealed significant psycho-emotional strain among healthcare workers, which may adversely affect their occupational performance and health.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution of the authors:
Dygova D.R. — research design development, article structure formulation, data collection and analysis, manuscript drafting, statistical data processing, editing, final approval of the manuscript;
Shaova A.Kh. — research design development, article structure formulation, final approval of the manuscript;
Eshtrekov M.S. — research design development, article structure formulation, final approval of the manuscript.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 6, 2025 / Revised: April 30, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025