Перспективные меры по снижению смертности в России: аналитический обзор

Цель работы — выявление перспективных мер по снижению смертности в России. 

Материал и методы. Проведён аналитический обзор систематических обзоров по базам PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus и Google Scholar. 

Результаты. Выявлен ряд мер, перспективных для снижения смертности в России. Среди них — меры формирования здорового поведения (борьба против потребления табака, алкоголя, поддержка здорового питания, физической активности), меры по профилактике смертности от внешних причин. Необходимо повышение эффективности лечения заболеваний, в частности, артериальной гипертонии, гиперхолестеринемии, сахарного диабета, сердечно-сосудистых катастроф, гепатита С, ВИЧ. Это может потребовать интенсификации цифровой трансформации здравоохранения, а также внедрения современных командных подходов к лечению и ведению пациентов с более активным вовлечением младшего медицинского и другого персонала. В части скрининга важно расширение охвата и внедрение современных эффективных методов скрининга рака прямой кишки, рака шейки матки, а также скрининга новорождённых. Необходимо расширение вакцинопрофилактики против COVID-19, а также людей старших возрастов от пневмококка, подростков от вируса папилломы человека. Профилактике смертности от внешних причин, помимо противоалкогольных мер, должно способствовать внедрение таргетных мер по предотвращению самоубийств, дорожно-транспортных происшествий, пожаров, утоплений и т.д. Повышение финансирования здравоохранения, в том числе лекарственного обеспечения, может принести дополнительные годы жизни. 

Выводы. В России есть значительный потенциал для реализации новых мер по снижению смертности.

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