Medical determinants of demographic losses in conditions of the transformation of the population reproduction model

Introduction. The literature contains information on the quantitative condition of demographic losses of the population by the matrimonial behavior of people, national and cultural traditions, the quality of medical care, number and level of health of women of reproductive age. However, a qualitative analysis of demographic losses of the population has not previously been carried out.

The purpose of the study is to determine the medical determinants of population demographic losses.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of demographic losses of the population of the Republic of Chechnya in 2010–2021 was carried out. The methods of dynamic series, correlation and regression analysis, and mathematical modeling are used.

Results. Medical determinants of losses identified. Data on antenatal losses (abortions), pregnancy pathology forming antenatal losses, birth pathology forming intra- and postnatal losses in the Chechen Republic are presented.

Limitations of the study. The study’s limitations include the use of mathematical life and fertility tables; during their use, indicators were obtained that confirm the transformation of the extended reproduction model of the Chechen Republic’s population into a simple reproduction model in 2010–2021.

Conclusion. The pathology of pregnancy and childbirth in women mothers is closely associated with adverse trends in population reproduction indicators: gross population reproduction rate, net population reproduction rate, total natural population growth rate, true natural population growth rate, which made it possible to attribute the pathological conditions in mothers during pregnancy and childbirth to medical determinants of demographic losses.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a conclusion from the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contributions:
Shapovalova M.A. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Ezhaev A.V. — collection and processing of material, writing of the text;
Abramova D.A. — statistical data processing.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: March 2, 2026 / Accepted: April 24, 2026 / Published: July 28, 2026

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