Методология оценки затрат системы здравоохранения на оказание онкологической помощи

Введение. Планирование и осуществление финансирования в системе здравоохранения в целом и при оказании онкологической помощи в частности являются предметом пристального внимания медицинского сообщества. Остаются не полностью решёнными вопросы практической значимости и стандартизации методов оценки затрат в онкологии.

Цель – обзор источников литературы и анализ способов оценки прямых затрат на медицинскую помощь онкологическим больным. 

Методы. В работе применена методология целевого и смыслового поиска источников литературы с использованием баз PubMed, Cochrane, E-library (РИНЦ). 

Результаты и обсуждение. Идентифицированы основные методы подсчёта затрат: 1) оценки, основанные на анализе заболеваемости; 2) оценки, основанные на анализе распространённости; 3) «чистый» и общий подходы; 4) фазовый подход; 5) оценка затрат с использованием цензурированных данных. Оценку затрат на основании заболеваемости проводят относительно момента установления диагноза. Затраты, обусловленные распространённостью, представляют собой затраты на больных с диагнозом «рак» в течение фиксированного календарного периода времени. «Чистые» затраты могут быть подсчитаны путем вычитания средних затрат среди неонкологических больных из общих средних затрат на лечение среди сопоставимых по клинико-демографическим характеристикам онкологических пациентов. Общие затраты определяются как суммарные затраты на пациента с онкологическим диагнозом независимо от непосредственной связи затрат с этим диагнозом. Фазовый анализ является вариантом оценок, проведённых на основании данных о заболеваемости, и заключается в выделении периодов с момента постановки диагноза, когда затраты значительно изменяются. Оценка затрат с использованием цензурированных данных включает применение методов математического моделирования. На практике распространены комбинированные подходы.

Выводы. Наличие комбинированных статистических и математических методов делает возможным проведение разносторонних экономических оценок затрат. 

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