Роль питания в профилактике и лечении атопического дерматита (обзор литературы)

Атопический дерматит (АтД) — это мультифакторное хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи, широко распространённое среди детей и взрослых. Заболевание характеризуется зудом, рецидивирующим течением и связано с другими аллергическими состояниями, такими как пищевая аллергия и астма, что формирует концепцию «атопического марша». Генетические мутации влияют на барьерную функцию кожи, создавая условия для проникновения аллергенов и развития воспаления. Экологические факторы, включая загрязнение воздуха, питание и микробиоту, также играют значимую роль в этиологии и патогенезе АтД. Питание в младенчестве и детском возрасте является ключевым фактором, влияющим на рост и развитие в детстве, способствующим здоровью и профилактике заболеваний на протяжении всей жизни. Грудное вскармливание и разнообразие диеты матери могут влиять на риск развития АтД у детей. Потребление определённых продуктов во время беременности и особенности введения прикорма могут способствовать развитию или снижению риска аллергии у ребёнка. Микробиота кишечника играет важную роль в модуляции иммунных ответов и толерантности к пищевым аллергенам.

Цель обзора — анализ литературы об особенностях превентивной диеты беременных, кормящих матерей и детей в семьях с отягощённым наследственным анамнезом по АтД. Использованы базы данных Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, РИНЦ.

Обзор подчёркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований, направленных на выявление влияния питания в ранние периоды жизни на риск аллергических заболеваний. В статье обсуждаются текущие подходы к профилактике и лечению АтД, включая использование пробиотиков, разнообразие питания и поддержку грудного вскармливания как значимых стратегий для снижения риска АтД и аллергических заболеваний у детей.

Участие авторов:
Яцына И.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование;
Астахова И.В. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста.
Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила: 05.11.2024 / Принята к печати: 11.12.2024 / Опубликована: 28.02.2025

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