rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-5-425-431rfhealth-599Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО ЗНАЧИМЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙPROBLEMS OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT DISEASESОсведомлённость населения о депрессии и методах её леченияPopulation awareness of depression and treatment methodshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-0736ГоленковА. В.GolenkovAndrei V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-4995БонкалоТатьяна ИвановнаBonkaloTatiana I.

Доктор психол. наук, нач. отдела ГБУ «НИУ ОЗММ ДЗМ», 115088, Москва.

e-mail: bonkalotatyanaivanovna@yandex.ru

Head of Department, Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation.

e-mail: bonkalotatyanaivanovna@yandex.ru

bonkalotatyanaivanovna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5822КамынинаН. Н.KamyninaNatalya N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-194XШмелеваС. В.ShmelevaSvetlana V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова»РоссияI.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State UniversityRussian FederationГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет технологий и управления имени К.Г. Разумовского»РоссияMoscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. RazvmovskyRussian Federation202111112021655425431Copyright © Голенков А.В., Бонкало Т.И., Камынина Н.Н., Шмелева С.В., 20212021Голенков А.В., Бонкало Т.И., Камынина Н.Н., Шмелева С.В.Golenkov A.V., Bonkalo T.I., Kamynina N.N., Shmeleva S.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/599

Цель исследования — изучить осведомлённость населения Чувашской Республики о депрессии и методах её лечения. 

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Анонимно опрошены 764 жителя Чувашской Республики (женщин — 472, мужчин — 292) в возрасте 18–83 лет (средний возраст — 35,5 ± 14,3 года). Городских жителей было 75,5%, сельских — 24,5%; с медицинским образованием — 5,9%. Использовались две виньетки (vignette — короткий эпизод) K. Griffiths и соавт. с описанием пациентов с обычным депрессивным состоянием и депрессией, сопровождающейся суицидальными мыслями. Прочитав картинку, респонденты должны были ответить на 7 коротких вопросов. Математико-статистическая обработка включала расчёт среднего значения, стандартного отклонения и χ2-распределения.

Результаты

Результаты. Правильно определили состояние депрессии в виньетках 39% респондентов. Достоверно лучше распознавали это психическое расстройство респонденты с медицинским и более высоким образованием, городские жители и те, кто встречался с такими больными в жизни. Опрашиваемые чаще всего (44,5%) рекомендовали получение психологической помощи, консультации и лечение у врачей (33,5%). Нередко они предлагали различные «народные вмешательства», не знали, к кому из специалистов обращаться и как лечить такую патологию, либо предлагали вообще ничего не делать, даже при наличии суицидальных мыслей. Улучшение в состоянии в случае обращении к специалистам высказали более 75% опрошенных респондентов, лучшие результаты дали респонденты, правильно распознавшие депрессию. 

Заключение

Заключение. Проведённое исследование показало низкий уровень осведомлённости населения Чувашии о депрессии. Это обстоятельство отражается на обращаемости населения за медицинской (психиатрической, психотерапевтической) помощью и ожиданиях в отношении лечения данного психического расстройства. Высокая доля неправильных ответов о депрессии требуют просветительской работы с населением, лучшей психиатрической подготовленности специалистов психологического профиля и врачей общесоматической сети.

Aim

Aim. To study the population of the Chuvash Republic awareness of depression and methods of its treatment. 

Material and methods

Material and methods. Seven hundred sixty-four residents of the Chuvash Republic (472 women, 292 men) aged 18 to 83 years old (average age — 35.5 ± 14,3 years old) were interviewed anonymously. Urban residents were 75.5%, rural — 24.5%, with medical education — 5.9%. Two K. Griffiths et al. vignettes described patients with normal depressive state and depression accompanied by suicidal thoughts. After reading the picture, the respondents had to answer seven short questions. Mathematical and statistical processing included the calculation of the mean, standard deviation and χ2 distribution. 

Results

Results. 39.0% of the respondents correctly identified the state of depression in the vignettes. This mental disorder was reliably better recognized by the respondents with a medical or higher education, urban residents and those who met such patients in life. The respondents most often (44,5%) recommended receiving psychological assistance, consultations and medical treatment (33,5%). They often suggested various “popular interventions”, did not know which specialists to contact and how to treat such a pathology, or suggested doing nothing at all, even if there were suicidal thoughts. More than 75% of the respondents expressed an improvement in patients’ condition in the case of their referring to specialists, the best results were given by the respondents who correctly recognized depression. 

Conclusion

Conclusion. The study showed a low level of depression awareness of the population of Chuvashia. This circumstance is reflected in the appeal of the people for medical (psychiatric, psychotherapeutic) help and expectations regarding the treatment of this mental disorder. A high proportion of incorrect answers about depression require educational work with the population, better psychiatric preparedness of specialists in the psychological profile and doctors of the general somatic network.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.