rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-3-261-268rfhealth-446Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМетоды оценки потребности в финансировании здравоохранения: международный опыт (аналитический обзор)Methods for assessing the need for health financing: international experience (analytical review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-3100ПотапчикЕлена ГеоргиевнаPotapchikElena G.

Канд. эконом. наук, вед. науч. сотр., доцент НИУ ВШЭ, 101000, Москва.

e-mail: epotapchik@hse.ru

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, leading researcher, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Moscow,101000, Russian Federation.

e-mail: epotapchik@hse.ru

epotapchik@hse.ruФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»»РоссияNational Research University “Higher School of Economics”Russian Federation202127072021653261268Copyright © Потапчик Е.Г., 20212021Потапчик Е.Г.Potapchik E.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/446Цель работы

Цель работы: систематизация и обобщение применяемых в зарубежной практике подходов и методов определения потребности в объёме финансирования здравоохранения; выделение наиболее важных факторов, диктующих необходимость дополнительных затрат на здравоохранение.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Системный поиск публикаций по разрабатываемому протоколу, комплексный анализ и систематизация полученной информации. В протокол включались базы данных рецензируемых публикаций, термины для поиска, а также ограничения на поиск. Поиск публикаций осуществлялся в базах данных Embase, Pubmed, Medline, Global Health и др., на сайтах международных организаций (Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ), Организация экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР) и др.). Стратегия поиска включала в себя комбинацию терминов “free text” и “Medical subject heading”, относящихся к определению понятия «потребность в финансировании здравоохранения». В качестве основных ограничений поиска выступали язык публикаций (английский и русский) и дата публикации (не ранее 2000 г.).

Результаты

Результаты. В зарубежной практике определения потребности в финансировании здравоохранения используются два основных подхода. Первый подход позволяет определить объём расходов, необходимых для оказания ограниченного набора медицинских услуг. Второй подход применяется в экономически развитых странах и позволяет определять расходы системы здравоохранения, исходя из достигнутого уровня финансирования отрасли и его прогнозировании под влиянием воздействия ряда факторов. Установлено, что в наибольшей степени на рост расходов на здравоохранение влияют недемографические факторы (такие как рост валового внутреннего продукта и развитие технологий). Демографические факторы, включая постарение населения, влияют на рост расходов в меньшей степени. 

Заключение

Заключение. Проведение сценарных прогнозных расчётов позволяет более чётко определить сферы и объём государственного вмешательства в сектор здравоохранения.

Финансирование

Финансирование.  В статье представлены результаты, полученные в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

There has been an active discussion on estimating the need for public funding of the domestic health system. An analysis of international experience can be helpful to determine methodological approaches to estimate the market for government spending on the Russian health system.

Aim

Aim. To systemize and summarize approaches and methods used in international practice to estimate the need for health financing; to highlight the most important factors dictating the need for additional funding.

Material and methods

Material and methods. A systematic search with the developed protocol for publications, a comprehensive analysis and systematization of the obtained information. The protocol included databases of peer-reviewed publications, search terms, and search restrictions. The search for publications was carried out in the databases of Embase, Pubmed, Medline, Global Health, etc., on the websites of international organizations (World Health Organization (WHO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), etc.). The search strategy included a combination of the terms “free text” and “Medical subject heading”, which refer to the definition of the need for health financing. The main limitations of the search were the language of publications (English and Russian) and the date of publication (not earlier than 2000).

Results

Results. Of the two used in international practice approaches to estimate the need for health financing, a system based on the use of the current level of funding and its forecasting under several factors is used in developed countries. Forecasting health expenditures is one of the most effective tools to identify critical factors affecting needs for sector financing. Despite the variety of indicators and methods used, most studies agree that non-demographic factors, such as GDP growth and technology development, influence health spending growth to the greatest extent. Demographic factors per se, including population ageing, affect health spending growth to a lesser extent. 

Conclusion

Conclusion. Conducting scenario forecasts contributes to a better understanding of what can happen in the future if the government does not act. This also contributes to a more clear determining of the main spheres for government interventions in the health sector.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments.  The study was conducted within the framework of the Basic Research Program of the National Research University, Higher School of Economics. 

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.