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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-2-159-165</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-360</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Некоторые аспекты теории ошибок врачей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Some aspects of the theory of errors of doctors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-5262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махамбетчин</surname><given-names>Мурат Максутович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhambetchin</surname><given-names>Murat M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, ст. науч. сотр. НИИ травматологии и ортопедии Республики Казахстан, 010009, г. Нур-Султан, Республика Казахстан.</p><p>e-mail: murat.makhambetchin@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Scientific and Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, 010009, Republic of Kazakhstan.</p><p>e-mail: murat.makhambetchin@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murat.makhambetchin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-1464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакеев</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakeyev</surname><given-names>Kayrat T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ травматологии и ортопедии Республики Казахстан<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific and Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Republic of Kazakhstan<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Караганды<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Махамбетчин М.М., Шакеев К.Т., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Махамбетчин М.М., Шакеев К.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhambetchin M.M., Shakeyev K.T.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/360">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/360</self-uri><abstract><p>Развитие клинического мышления и совершенствование медицинской помощи во многом зависят от отношения врачей и общества к врачебным ошибкам. Взвешенное, рациональное отношение к врачебным ошибкам возможно при понимании основных аспектов проблемы ошибок в медицине. В статье представлены два важных аспекта проблемы ошибок – их вероятность и, в определённом смысле, обыденность, а также роль взаимоотношений в коллективе в формировании объективного отношения коллег к ошибкам. В статье приводятся аргументы в пользу того, что правильные действия врача не означают, что они абсолютно безошибочны. </p><p>Перечисляются факторы, определяющие сложность медицины. Рассматривается вопрос реальной и неоднозначной эффективности медицины. Раскрывается тезис о том, что развитие доказательной медицины – это свидетельство относительности знаний в медицине. Приведены основные варианты взаимоотношений врачей в коллективе. Указана роль коллегиальности в совершенствовании профессионального опыта и качества медицинской помощи. Показано, что отсутствие объективных критериев виновности или невиновности врача при ошибке усугубляет проблему ошибок. </p><p>Подчёркивается порочность приравнивания всех ошибок к проступку, односторонность такого подхода в профилактике ошибок. Традиционное негативное отношение к врачам, допустившим ошибку, приводит в итоге к сокрытию ошибок, снижению количества и качества анализа ошибок, стагнации в развитии клинического мышления, росту количества ошибок и, соответственно, законодательному ужесточению ответственности за ошибки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of clinical thinking and the improvement of medical care largely depend on doctors and society’s attitude to medical errors. A balanced, rational perspective to medical errors is critical with an understanding of the main aspects of medication errors. The paper presents two important aspects of the problem of medical errors – their probability and, in a sense, their routine, as well as the role of collective relationships in shaping an objective attitude of doctors to errors.</p><p>The article argues that the correct action of a doctor does not mean that they are unmistakable. The factors that determine the complexity of medicine are listed.</p><p>The actual and ambiguous effectiveness of the medicine is considered.</p><p>It is argued that the development of evidence-based medicine is evidence of the relativity of knowledge in medicine. The basic variants of the relationship of doctors in the collective are given. The role of collegiality in improving the professional experience and quality of medical care is specified.</p><p>It has been shown that the absence of objective criteria of guilt or innocence of a doctor in error exacerbates the problem of errors. It emphasizes the flaw of equating all errors with misconduct and the unilateralism of such an approach in preventing mistakes. A vicious circle is presented, where the traditionally negative attitude towards doctors who made a mistake ultimately leads to concealment of errors, a decrease in the number and quality of error analysis, stagnation in the development of clinical thinking, an increase in the number of errors and, accordingly, the legal tightening of demand for medical errors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врачебные ошибки</kwd><kwd>сложность медицины</kwd><kwd>доказательная медицина</kwd><kwd>эффективность медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>коллегиальность врачей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical errors</kwd><kwd>the complexity of medicine</kwd><kwd>evidence-based medicine</kwd><kwd>the effectiveness of medical care</kwd><kwd>collegiality of doctors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Center for Health Statistics (US). 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