rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2021-65-1-62-68rfhealth-297Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSРаспространённость заболеваний глаза у пожилых – глобальная проблема современностиThe prevalence of eye diseases in the elderly population is a global problem of modernityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3779-998XКоняевД. А.KonyaevDmitry A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-3414ПоповаЕ. В.PopovaEvgenia B.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-3930ТитовАнтон АндреевичTitovAnton A.

Аспирант, кафедры биомедицинской инженерии ФГБОУ ВО «Юго-Западный государственный университет», 305040, Курск.

e-mail: vitalaxen@mail.ru

MD, post-graduate student, Department of biomedical engineering, SouthWest State University, Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation.

e-mail: vitalaxen@mail.ru

vitalaxen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-3692АгарковН. М.AgarkovNikolay M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-0589ЯблоковМ. М.YablokovMaksim M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-1871АксёновВ. В.AksenovVitaly V.noemail@neicon.ruТамбовский филиал НМИЦ МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияTambov branch of S.N. Fedorov NMRC MNTK “Eye microsurgery” TambovRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Юго-Западный государственный университет»РоссияSouth-west State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Юго-Западный государственный университет»; ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»РоссияSouth-west State University; Belgorod National Research UniversityRussian Federation2021050320216516268Copyright © Коняев Д.А., Попова Е.В., Титов А.А., Агарков Н.М., Яблоков М.М., Аксёнов В.В., 20212021Коняев Д.А., Попова Е.В., Титов А.А., Агарков Н.М., Яблоков М.М., Аксёнов В.В.Konyaev D.A., Popova E.B., Titov A.A., Agarkov N.M., Yablokov M.M., Aksenov V.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/297

Приоритетной проблемой индустриальных и развивающихся стран, во многом детерминирующей здоровье населения, прежде всего старших возрастных групп, являются заболевания глаза: возрастная макулярная дегенерация, глаукома и катаракта. Эти заболевания служат главной причиной слепоты в различных странах. Проведён анализ распространённости указанных заболеваний по данным отечественных и зарубежных публикаций за последние годы.

Выявлено, что частота заболеваний глаза увеличивается, особенно с возрастом. Высокий уровень изучаемой патологии наблюдается в Китае, Индии, России. Актуальность данной патологии будет возрастать вследствие старения населения и увеличения доли старших возрастных групп в демографической структуре многих государств. Высокая распространённость возрастной макулярной дегенерации, катаракты и глаукомы приводит к увеличению числа жителей планеты с полной или частичной потерей зрения, существенно нарушающей их социальное функционирование, и требует значительных финансовых расходов на лечение и обеспечение приемлемого уровня и качества жизни.

Представленные в обзоре данные имеют практическое значение для организации мониторинга заболеваний глаза и разработки соответствующей стратегии государств и здравоохранения.

The priority problem of various industrial and developing countries, which largely determine the health of the population and, above all, older age groups, is currently eye diseases. Most modern researchers consider age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts to be eye diseases. Socially significant eye diseases have a high prevalence and are the leading cause of blindness in various countries. Authors analyzed the prevalence of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts according to domestic and foreign publications in recent years.

The results of the studies considered in the scientific review indicate a continuing gain in socially significant eye diseases, the frequency of which increases with age. The high incidence of the studied pathology is observed in China, India, and Russia. The study shows socially significant eye diseases to be the most critical problem in various countries, including the Russian Federation. The relevance of this pathology will increase due to the ongoing aging of the population and an increase in their share in the demographic structure of many states. The high prevalence of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma leads to an increase in the number of people on the planet with complete or partial vision loss, which significantly disrupts their social functioning and requires significant financial costs for treatment and ensuring an acceptable level and quality of life. The data presented in the review and obtained results are of practical importance for the organization of monitoring of eye diseases and the development of an appropriate state and health strategy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.