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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2026-70-2-156-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">dcaecs</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-2241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL ISSUES OF HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование заболеваемости и риск развития гепатита А у населения Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The formation of morbidity and the risk of developing hepatitis A in the population of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-6422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадамшина</surname><given-names>Гульнара Галимяновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badamshina</surname><given-names>Gulnara G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, вед. науч. сотр. ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа, Россия</p><p>e-mail: ggbadamshina@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), leading researcher, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ggbadamshina@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ggbadamshina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-0452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафарова</surname><given-names>Ляйсан Фаридовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafarova</surname><given-names>Laysan F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. лабораторией бактериологических исследований ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)», 420061, Казань, Россия</p><p>e-mail: gafarova.lf@rambler.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, Laboratory of bacteriological research, Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, 420061, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: gafarova.lf@rambler.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gafarova.lf@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3542-008X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попцова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poptsova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гл. врач ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Марий Эл», 424007, Йошкар-Ола, Россия</p><p>e-mail: e-poptsova@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Сhief physician, Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, 424007, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: e-poptsova@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e-poptsova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-7447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухина</surname><given-names>Галина Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhina</surname><given-names>Galina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. отделом микробиологических методов исследования факторов окружающей среды ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана», 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: trukhina@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of microbiological methods of environmental factors, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: trukhina@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trukhina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3377-391X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самотоина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samotoina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отдела микробиологических методов исследования факторов окружающей среды ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана», 141014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: samotoina.aa@fncg.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department of microbiological methods for the study of environmental factors, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: samotoina.aa@fncg.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samotoina.aa@fncg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8082-0302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юзлибаева</surname><given-names>Лилия Рустемовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuzlibaeva</surname><given-names>Lilуa R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник отдела эпидемиологического надзора Управления Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по Республике Татарстан, 420111, Казань, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Yuzlibaeva.LR@tatar.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head, Department of epidemiological surveillance, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Yuzlibaeva.LR@tatar.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Yuzlibaeva.LR@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-5707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинникова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinnikova</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. кафедрой вирусологии ФГБОУ ДПО Российской медицинской академии непрерывного профессионального образования, 125993, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: malinacgb@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Head, Department of virology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: malinacgb@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malinacgb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Lilia M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ Минздрава России, 420012, Казань, Россия</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head, Department of occupational hygiene and medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-2032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильинская</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilinskaya</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, профессор, действительный член Академии наук Республики Татарстан, зав. кафедрой микробиологии Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета, 420008, Казань, Россия</p><p>e-mail: Ilinskaya_kfu@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Professor, full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head, Department of microbiology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: Ilinskaya_kfu@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ilinskaya_kfu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)» Роспотребнадзорая; ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University Kazan</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Марий Эл» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Mari El</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по Республике Татарстан (Роспотребнадзор); Казанская государственная медицинская академия — филиал ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Office of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing in the Republic of Tatarstan; Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет» Министерства науки и высшего образования&#13;
Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University Kazan</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бадамшина Г.Г., Гафарова Л.Ф., Попцова Е.А., Трухина Г.М., Самотоина А.А., Юзлибаева Л.Р., Малинникова Е.Ю., Фатхутдинова Л.М., Ильинская О.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бадамшина Г.Г., Гафарова Л.Ф., Попцова Е.А., Трухина Г.М., Самотоина А.А., Юзлибаева Л.Р., Малинникова Е.Ю., Фатхутдинова Л.М., Ильинская О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Badamshina G.G., Gafarova L.F., Poptsova E.A., Trukhina G.M., Samotoina A.A., Yuzlibaeva L.R., Malinnikova E.Y., Fatkhutdinova L.M., Ilinskaya O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2241">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2241</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Вспышки вирусного гепатита А (ВГА) сохраняют социально-экономическую значимость, однако роль водного фактора изучена недостаточно, что снижает эффективность профилактики. Эпидемический потенциал вируса гепатита А (HAV) обусловливает актуальность анализа факторов риска и прогнозирования заболеваемости.</p><p>Цель работы — изучение факторов риска и прогнозирование заболеваемости гепатитом А по данным контаминации воды и уровня вакцинации населения России.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В 2014–2023 гг. в 89 субъектах РФ отобраны пробы воды (n = 170 372) из источников централизованного и нецентрализованного водоснабжения, поверхностных и сточных вод. Исследования проведены серологическим методом, статистическая обработка — с использованием программного обеспечения R.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За изученный период средняя контаминация HAV в воде централизованного водоснабжения составила 0,09% (95% ДИ 0,07–0,11), нецентрализованного — 0,31% (95% ДИ 0,17–0,53), поверхностных водоёмов — 0,14% (95% ДИ 0,11–0,19), сточной — 0,41% (95% ДИ 0,35–0,48). Выявлена тенденция к снижению доли положительных проб в нецентрализованном водоснабжении (r = –0,78; p = 0,01) и сточной воде (r = –0,87; p = 0,001). Заболеваемость ВГА имеет сильную прямую связь с контаминацией воды нецентрализованного водоснабжения (r = 0,75; p = 0,01) и сточной воды (r = 0,70; p = 0,03), а также умеренную связь с уровнем вакцинации (r = –0,69; p = 0,047). Получены уравнения линейной регрессии, отражающие влияние заболеваемости на контаминацию сточных вод и влияние вакцинации на заболеваемость.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Использованы официальные данные по заболеваемости ВГА в России за 2014–2023 гг., что обеспечивает репрезентативность выборки. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные могут быть использованы для прогнозирования заболеваемости ВГА, оценки связанного с ним экономического ущерба, а также для расчёта уровня контаминации сточных вод для планирования профилактических мероприятий.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Для проведения данного исследования не требовалось заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике (исследование выполнено на общедоступных данных официальной статистики).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Бадамшина Г.Г. — сбор материала, проведение исследований, анализ литературы, статистическая обработка, анализ полученных данных и редактирование; Гафарова Л.Ф. — проведение исследований, анализ литературы, статистическая обработка, анализ полученных данных и редактирование; Попцова Е.А. — проведение исследований, анализ полученных данных и редактирование; Трухина Г.М. — сбор материала, анализ литературы, анализ полученных данных и редактирование; Самотоина А.А. — сбор материала, проведение исследований и редактирование; Юзлибаева Л.Р. — анализ литературы, анализ полученных данных; Малинникова Е.Ю. — редактирование; Фатхутдинова Л.М. — идея и разработка концепции статьи, анализ литературы, анализ полученных данных и научное редактирование; Ильинская О.Н. — научное и финальное редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 28.07.2025 / Принята к печати: 19.02.2026 / Опубликована: 30.04.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Outbreaks of viral hepatitis A (HAV) remain of socio-economic importance, but the role of the water factor has not been sufficiently studied, which reduces the effectiveness of prevention. The epidemic HAV potential determines the relevance of analyzing risk factors and predicting morbidity.</p><p>Purpose to study risk factors and predict the incidence of hepatitis A based on water contamination and vaccination rates in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In 2014–2023, water samples (n = 170,372) were taken from sources of centralized and non-centralized water supply, surface and wastewater in 89 regions of the Russian Federation. The studies were carried out by the serological method, statistical processing was carried out using the R software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the studied period, the average HAV contamination was: in centralized water supply — 0.09% (95% CI 0.07–0.11), non—centralized — 0.31% (95% CI 0.17–0.53), surface reservoirs — 0.14% (95% CI 0.11–0.19), wastewater — 0.41% (95% CI 0.35–0.48). There was a tendency to decrease the proportion of positive samples in non-centralized water supply (r = –0.78; p = 0.01) and wastewater (r = –0.87; p = 0.001). The incidence of HAV has a strong direct correlation with contamination of non-centralized water supply (r = 0.75; p = 0.01) and wastewater (r = 0.70; p = 0.03), as well as a moderate correlation with the vaccination rate (r = –0.69; p = 0.047). Linear regression equations reflecting the effect of morbidity on wastewater contamination and the effect of vaccination on morbidity are obtained.</p></sec><sec><title>Research limitations</title><p>Research limitations. The official data on the HAV incidence in the Russian Federation for 2014–2023 were used, which ensures a representative sample.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained can be used to predict the incidence of HCV, assess the associated economic damage, as well as to calculate the level of wastewater contamination for planning preventive measures.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This study did not require the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee (the study was based on publicly available official statistics).</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Badamshina G.G. — collecting material, conducting research, analyzing literature, statistical processing, analyzing data obtained and editing; Gafarova L.F. — conducting research, analyzing literature, statistical processing, analyzing data obtained and editing; Poptsova E.A. — conducting research, analyzing data obtained and editing; Trukhina G.M. — collecting material, literature analysis, data analysis and editing; Samotoina A.A. — collecting material, conducting research and editing; Yuzlibaeva L.R. — literature analysis, analysis of obtained data; Malinnikova E.Yu. — article editing; Fatkhutdinova L.M. — idea and development of the concept of the article, literature analysis, analysis of the data obtained and scientific editing of the article; Ilyinskaya O.N. — scientific and final editing of the article. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 28, 2025 / Accepted: February 19, 2026 / Published: April 30, 2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гепатита А</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>сточная вода</kwd><kwd>поверхностная вода</kwd><kwd>питьевая вода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis A virus</kwd><kwd>HAV</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>wastewater</kwd><kwd>surface water</kwd><kwd>drinking water</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Hepatitis A; 2025. Available at: https://who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Hepatitis A; 2025. 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