rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.46563/0044-197X-2020-64-5-294-300rfhealth-224Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯPROBLEMS OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONПешеходолизация как ключевой элемент городского планирования в рамках концепции Здоровых городов (систематический обзор)Walkability as the key element of urban planning within the Healthy Cities concept (systematic review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6546-3530ВошеваНадежда АлександровнаVoshevaNadezhda A.

Аналитик ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы», 115088, Москва.

e-mail: VoshevaNA@zdrav.mos.ru

Analyst, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, 115088, Russia.

e-mail: VoshevaNA@zdrav.mos.ru

voshevana@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5822КамынинаН. Н.KamyninaNatalya N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-4796КоротковаЕ. О.KorotkovaEkaterina O.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9216-6873ВошевД. В.VoshevDmitriy V.noemail@neicon.ruГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department202017112020645294300Copyright © Вошева Н.А., Камынина Н.Н., Короткова Е.О., Вошев Д.В., 20202020Вошева Н.А., Камынина Н.Н., Короткова Е.О., Вошев Д.В.Vosheva N.A., Kamynina N.N., Korotkova E.O., Voshev D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/224

Цель исследования - изучение и обобщение научных исследований, посвященных пешеходолизации, для определения ее преимуществ в качестве элемента государственной политики человекоцентрированных городов.

На протяжении последних 50 лет вопрос планирования здорового и устойчивого развития городов активно обсуждается мировым сообществом. После недавней публикации Всемирной организацией здравоохранения концепции «Здоровые города: эффективный подход к стремительно изменяющемуся миру» (2020) эта тема приобрела особую актуальность. Одной из целей подхода Здоровых городов является продвижение здорового городского планирования и дизайна, нацеленных на благополучие человека (в противовес ориентации на автотранспорт, господствовавшей ранее), а основным компонентом такого планирования является пешеходолизация или возможность ходить пешком. При подготовке обзора использовался метод представления отчетности о систематических обзорах и метаанализах (PRISMA). Поиск осуществлялся в библиографических базах данных eLibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar.

Изучение структуры, видов и взаимосвязи пешеходолизации с типом городского планирования позволило выявить глобальные преимущества создания благоприятных для хождения районов, в том числе в части поддержания физического, ментального и социального здоровья граждан, увеличения социального капитала, улучшения экологической и экономической атмосферы в городе.

Заключение. Сделан вывод, что продвижение пешеходной доступности в качестве государственной политики - это относительно простой и очень действенный способ получить выгоду во многих аспектах городской жизни в краткосрочной, среднесрочной и долгосрочной перспективе. А это, в конечном итоге, делает пешеходолизацию одним из важнейших инструментов здорового городского планирования и дизайна.

The purpose of the study

The purpose of the study. The purpose of this work is the exploration and generalization of scientific researches on walkability to determine its advantages as an element of public policy in human-centered cities.

Over the past fifty years, the world community has actively discussed the issue of healthy and sustainable urban development planning, which has gained particular relevance with the recent World Health Organization publication of the “Healthy Cities: An Effective Approach to a Rapidly Changing World” concept (2020). One of the Healthy Cities approach goals is to promote healthy urban planning and design centered on human well-being (unlike prevalent in the past vehicle orientation), and the main component of such planning is pedestrianization or walkability. The systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting method (PRISMA) were used in the review. The search was carried out in the bibliographic databases Elibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar. The study of the structure, types, and relationship between pedestrianization and the type of urban planning revealed the global advantages of creating walkable areas, such as maintaining the physical, mental and social health of citizens, increasing social capital, and improving the city’s ecological and economic atmosphere.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Thus the promoting walkability was concluded to be a public policy as a relatively simple and highly effective way to benefit in the short, medium, and long term. This fact ultimately makes pedestrianization one of the most important tools for healthy urban planning and design.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.