rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.46563/0044-197X-2020-64-5-271-277rfhealth-221Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО ЗНАЧИМЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙPROBLEMS OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT DISEASESКурительное поведение населения Чувашии по результатам динамического наблюденияSmoking behavior of the population of Chuvashia on the results of dynamic observationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3574-2111НаумоваЕ. А.NaumovaElena A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-4995БонкалоТ. И.BonkaloTatyana I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-0736ГоленковАндрей ВасильевичGolenkovAndrey V.

Д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. кафедрой психиатрии, медицинской психологии и неврологии ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова», 428015, Чебоксары.

e-mail: golenkovav@inbox.ru

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Neurology of the I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, 428015, Russia.

e-mail: golenkovav@inbox.ru

noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-194XШмелеваС. В.ShmelevaSvetlana V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0925-5822КамынинаН. Н.KamyninaNatalya N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-5590ДубровинскаяЕ. И.DubrovinskayaEkaterina I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-1323ШимановскаяЯ. В.ShimanovskayYanina V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-2548ПетроваГ. Д.PetrovaGalina D.noemail@neicon.ruБУ «Республиканский центр медицинской профилактики, ЛФК и спортивной медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Чувашской РеспубликиRepublican Center for Medical Prevention, Exercise and Sports MedicineГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare DepartmentФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова» Министерства образования и науки Российской ФедерацииChuvash State University named after I.N. UlyanovФГБОУ ВО МГУТУ «Московский государственный университет технологий и управления им. К.Г. РазумовскогоMoscow State University of Technologies and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (the First Cossack University)ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный социальный университет»Russian State Social University (RSSU)202017112020645271277Copyright © Наумова Е.А., Бонкало Т.И., Голенков А.В., Шмелева С.В., Камынина Н.Н., Дубровинская Е.И., Шимановская Я.В., Петрова Г.Д., 20202020Наумова Е.А., Бонкало Т.И., Голенков А.В., Шмелева С.В., Камынина Н.Н., Дубровинская Е.И., Шимановская Я.В., Петрова Г.Д.Naumova E.A., Bonkalo T.I., Golenkov A.V., Shmeleva S.V., Kamynina N.N., Dubrovinskaya E.I., Shimanovskay Y.V., Petrova G.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/221

Цель исследования - изучить курительное поведение в Чувашии в динамике с 2014 по 2019 г.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Опрошено 2513 жителей республики (1165 мужчин и 1348 женщин) в возрасте 15-92 лет (средний возраст 43,0 ± 16,9 года). Использовалась анкета для опроса населения о потреблении табака (GATS).

Результаты

Результаты. В 2019 г. 19,9% респондентов (36,7% мужчин и 5,4% женщин) постоянно употребляли табачные изделия. В среднем они выкуривали более 14 сигарет в день, средний возраст начала табакокурения составил 17,8 года. В течение последнего года обращались за медицинской помощью 53,8% курильщиков, 76,2% из них получили от медработника совет бросить курить. В 2019 г. по сравнению с 2014 г. достоверно уменьшилось число периодически курящих и бывших ежедневных курильщиков. Средний возраст начала табакокурения с 16,5 года вырос до 17,8 года (у женщин уменьшился с 18 лет до 17,7 года). Мужчины стали чаще предпринимать попытки бросить курить, а женщины делали это реже. Совет медработника бросить курить курильщики получали чаще. Респонденты, особенно женщины, реже обращали внимание на информацию на пачках сигарет о вреде табакокурения, и, как следствие, меньшее число курильщиков обоих полов думали об отказе от табакокурения. К положительным тенденциям следует отнести достоверное уменьшение пассивного курения дома (14,8%), на рабочих местах (10%), включая пассивное курение беременных и кормящих женщин.

Заключение

Заключение. Число курящих в республике в последние 5 лет остается стабильным. Однако снижение доли респондентов, обращающих внимание на информацию о вреде табака и задумывающихся об отказе от табакокурения, требует поиска новых форм профилактики курительного поведения среди жителей Чувашии.

The purpose of the research is to study smoking behavior in Chuvashia (one of the regions of Russia) in dynamics from 2014 to 2019.

Material and methods

Material and methods. 2513 residents of the Chuvash Republic (1165 men and 1348 women) aged 15 to 92 years (average age - 43.0 ± 16.9 years) were interviewed anonymously. The questionnaire was used for the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), which is the standard for monitoring global tobacco use.

Results

Results. In 2019, 19.9% of the respondents (36.7% among men and 5.4% among women) regularly used tobacco products. On average, they smoked more than 14 cigarettes a day, the average age at starting daily smoking was 17.8 years. 53.8% of smokers have sought medical help in the last year and 76.2% of them received advice from a health worker to quit smoking. In 2019, compared to 2014, the number of intermittent smokers and former daily smokers significantly decreased. The average age of starting smoking increased from 16.5 to 17,8 years (for women it decreased from 18 to 17.7 years). Men began to try to quit smoking more often, while women did it less often. Both received the advice of a health worker to quit smoking more often. The respondents were less likely to pay attention to information on cigarette packs about the dangers of smoking, especially women, and, as a result, fewer smokers of both sexes thought about quitting smoking. The positive tendencies include a significant decrease in secondhand smoke at home (14,8%) and work (10%), including secondhand smoke among pregnant and lactating women.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Over the past five years, the number of smokers in the Chuvash Republic has remained stable, which is associated with the state policy to combat tobacco consumption in Russia. However, a decrease in the proportion of the respondents who pay attention to information about the dangers of tobacco and who are less likely to think about abandoning tobacco smoking requires the search for new forms of prevention of smoking behavior among the residents of Chuvashia.

курительное поведениеГлобальный опрос взрослого населения о потреблении табаканаселениеЧувашияsmoking behaviorGATS surveypopulationChuvashia (Russia)ReferencesGBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Seattle: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Seattle: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6Stefler D., Murphy M., Irdam D., Horvat P., Jarvis M., King L., et al. Smoking and mortality in Eastern Europe: Results from the PrivMort retrospective cohort study of 177 376 individuals. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2018; 20(6): 749-54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx122Stefler D., Murphy M., Irdam D., Horvat P., Jarvis M., King L., et al. Smoking and mortality in Eastern Europe: Results from the PrivMort retrospective cohort study of 177 376 individuals. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2018; 20(6): 749–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx122Quirmbach D., Gerry C.J. Gender, education and Russia’s tobacco epidemic: A life-course approach. Soc. Sci. Med. 2016; 160: 54-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.05.008Quirmbach D., Gerry C.J. Gender, education and Russia’s tobacco epidemic: A life-course approach. Soc. Sci. Med. 2016; 160: 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.05.008Gravely S., Giovino G.A., Craig L., Commar A., D’Espaignet E.T., Schotte K., et al. Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126 countries: an association study. Lancet Public Health. 2017; 2(4): e166-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30045-2Gravely S., Giovino G.A., Craig L., Commar A., D’Espaignet E.T., Schotte K., et al. Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126 countries: an association study. Lancet Public Health. 2017; 2(4): e166–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30045-2Levy D.T., Li Y., Yuan Z. Impact of nations meeting the MPOWER targets between 2014 and 2016: an update. Tob. Control. 2020; 29(2): 231-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054837Levy D.T., Li Y., Yuan Z. Impact of nations meeting the MPOWER targets between 2014 and 2016: an update. Tob. Control. 2020; 29(2): 231–3. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054837Ahluwalia I.B., Arrazola R.A., Zhao L., Shi J., Dean A., Rainey E., et al. Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Related Behaviors - 11 Countries, 2008-2017. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2019; 68(41): 928-33. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6841a1Ahluwalia I.B., Arrazola R.A., Zhao L., Shi J., Dean A., Rainey E., et al. Tobacco Use and Tobacco-Related Behaviors – 11 Countries, 2008–2017. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 2019; 68(41): 928–33. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6841a1Maslennikova G.Y., Oganov R.G., Boytsov S.A., Ross H., Huang A.T., Near A., et al. Russia SimSmoke: the long-term effects of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths in Russia. Tob. Control. 2014; 23(6): 484-90. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051011Maslennikova G.Y., Oganov R.G., Boytsov S.A., Ross H., Huang A.T., Near A., et al. Russia SimSmoke: the long-term effects of tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths in Russia. Tob. Control. 2014; 23(6): 484–90. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051011Kossova T., Kossova E., Sheluntcova M. Anti-smoking policy in Russia: Relevant factors and program planning. Eval. Program. Plann. 2018; 69: 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.006Kossova T., Kossova E., Sheluntcova M. Anti-smoking policy in Russia: Relevant factors and program planning. Eval. Program. Plann. 2018; 69: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.006Gambaryan M., Reeves A., Deev A., Popovich M., Drapkina O., Snell A., et al. Effects of tobacco control policy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Russia. Eur. J. Public. Health. 2018; 28(Suppl. 2): 14-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky148Gambaryan M., Reeves A., Deev A., Popovich M., Drapkina O., Snell A., et al. Effects of tobacco control policy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Russia. Eur. J. Public. Health. 2018; 28(Suppl. 2): 14–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky148Song Y., Zhao L., Palipudi K.M., Asma S., Morton J., Talley B., et al. Tracking MPOWER in 14 countries: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008-2010. Glob. Health Promot. 2016; 23(2 Suppl.): 24-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975913501911Song Y., Zhao L., Palipudi K.M., Asma S., Morton J., Talley B., et al. Tracking MPOWER in 14 countries: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008-2010. Glob. Health Promot. 2016; 23(2 Suppl.): 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975913501911Palipudi K.M., Morton J., Hsia J., Andes L., Asma S., Talley B., et al. Methodology of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey - 2008-2010. Glob. Health Promot. 2016 ; 23(2 Suppl.): 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975913499800Palipudi K.M., Morton J., Hsia J., Andes L., Asma S., Talley B., et al. Methodology of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey – 2008–2010. Glob. Health Promot. 2016 ; 23(2 Suppl.): 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975913499800Голенков А.В. Региональные статистические модели табакокурения. Российский медицинский журнал. 2013; (4): 8-10.Golenkov A.V. The regional statistic models of tobacco smoking. Rossiyskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2013; (4): 8–10. (in Russian)Голенков А.В. Социально-психологические особенности табачной зависимости у жителей Чувашии. Наркология. 2013; 12(1): 28-32.Golenkov A.V. Social and psychological features of tobacco dependence in the Chuvash Republic. Narkologiya. 2013; 12(1): 28–32. (in Russian)Сахарова Г.М., Антонов Н.С., Салагай О.О. Мониторинг распространенности потребления табака в Российской Федерации: глобальный опрос взрослого населения в 2009 и 2016. Медицина. 2017; 5(2): 64-72.Sakharova G.M., Antonov N.S., Salagay O.O. Monitoring the prevalence of tobacco consumption in the Russian Federation: global adult tobacco surveys in 2009 and 2016. Meditsina. 2017; 5(2): 64–72. (in Russian)Lindson-Hawley N., Thompson T.P., Begh R. Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (3): CD006936. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006936.pub3Lindson-Hawley N., Thompson T.P., Begh R. Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (3): CD006936. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006936.pub3Tucker J.S., Stucky B.D., Edelen M.O., Shadel W.G., Klein D.J. Healthcare provider counseling to quit moking and patient desire to quit: The role of negative smoking outcome expectancies. Addict. Behav. 2018; 85: 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.008Tucker J.S., Stucky B.D., Edelen M.O., Shadel W.G., Klein D.J. Healthcare provider counseling to quit moking and patient desire to quit: The role of negative smoking outcome expectancies. Addict. Behav. 2018; 85: 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.008Beaglehole R., Bonita R., Yach D., Mackay J., Reddy K.S. A tobacco-free world: a call to action to phase out the sale of tobacco products by 2040. Lancet. 2015; 385(9972): 1011-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60133-7Beaglehole R., Bonita R., Yach D., Mackay J., Reddy K.S. A tobacco-free world: a call to action to phase out the sale of tobacco products by 2040. Lancet. 2015; 385(9972): 1011–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60133-7Hanewinkel R., Morgenstern M., Isensee B., Wiebel F.J. Smoke-free Germany 2040: a discussion paper. Dtsch Med. Wochenschr. 2020; 145(18): e101-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1162-3305 (in German)Hanewinkel R., Morgenstern M., Isensee B., Wiebel F.J. Smoke-free Germany 2040: a discussion paper. Dtsch Med. Wochenschr. 2020; 145(18): e101–7. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1162-3305 (in German)Janssen F., El Gewily S., Bardoutsos A. Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century. Tob. Control. 2020; tobaccocontrol-2020-055658. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055658Janssen F., El Gewily S., Bardoutsos A. Smoking epidemic in Europe in the 21st century. Tob. Control. 2020; tobaccocontrol-2020-055658. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055658Saraf D.S., Mehrotra R., Chandan K., Sinha D.N., Yadav A. A review of trade practices of smokeless tobacco products in terms of prohibition on sale, manufacturing & importation in Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ratified Parties. Indian J. Med. Res. 2018; 148(1): 90-7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2027_17Saraf D.S., Mehrotra R., Chandan K., Sinha D.N., Yadav A. A review of trade practices of smokeless tobacco products in terms of prohibition on sale, manufacturing & importation in Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ratified Parties. Indian J. Med. Res. 2018; 148(1): 90–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2027_17Shkolnikov V.M., Churilova E., Jdanov D.A., Shalnova S.A., Nilssen O., Kudryavtsev A., et al. Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1): 378. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08464-4Shkolnikov V.M., Churilova E., Jdanov D.A., Shalnova S.A., Nilssen O., Kudryavtsev A., et al. Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1): 378. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08464-4Ockene J.K., Hayes R.B., Churchill L.C., Crawford S.L., Jolicoeur D.G., Murray D.M., et al. Teaching medical students to help patients quit smoking: outcomes of a 10-school randomized controlled trial. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2016; 31(2): 172-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3508-yOckene J.K., Hayes R.B., Churchill L.C., Crawford S.L., Jolicoeur D.G., Murray D.M., et al. Teaching medical students to help patients quit smoking: outcomes of a 10-school randomized controlled trial. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2016; 31(2): 172–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3508-yZasimova L. Analysis of non-compliance with smoke-free legislation in Russia. Int. J. Public Health. 2019; 64(3): 413-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1198-zZasimova L. Analysis of non-compliance with smoke-free legislation in Russia. Int. J. Public Health. 2019; 64(3): 413–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1198-zMoon K.A., Rule A.M., Magid H.S., Ferguson J.M., Susan J., Sun Z., et al. Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in waterpipe tobacco venue employees in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2018; 20(4): 482-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx125Moon K.A., Rule A.M., Magid H.S., Ferguson J.M., Susan J., Sun Z., et al. Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in waterpipe tobacco venue employees in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo. Nicotine Tob. Res. 2018; 20(4): 482–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx125Lagasse L.P., Grant A.S., Minosa M.K.R., Kennedy R.D., Cohen J.E. Availability and advertising of electronic cigarettes in two Russian cities following implementation of comprehensive tobacco advertising restrictions. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2020; 18: 04. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/115794Lagasse L.P., Grant A.S., Minosa M.K.R., Kennedy R.D., Cohen J.E. Availability and advertising of electronic cigarettes in two Russian cities following implementation of comprehensive tobacco advertising restrictions. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2020; 18: 04. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/115794

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.