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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-6-581-585</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">cewarz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-2061</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL ISSUES OF HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Контаминация биосред формальдегидом и полиморфизм гена MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) как факторы риска формирования у детей болезней щитовидной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formaldehyde contamination of biological media and MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131) gene polymorphism as risk factors in the formation of thyroid diseases in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), head, Department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр., зав. лаб. иммуногенетики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), senior researcher, head, Immunogenetics laboratory, Department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chakina2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8957-9164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лучникова</surname><given-names>Виктория Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luchnikova</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. иммунологии и аллергологии отдела иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bezdenezhka@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Laboratory of immunology and allergology, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: bezdenezhka@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bezdenezhka@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>581</fpage><lpage>585</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгих О.В., Казакова О.А., Лучникова В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгих О.В., Казакова О.А., Лучникова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgikh O.V., Kazakova O.A., Luchnikova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2061">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2061</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Формальдегид (CH2O) — широко распространённый поллютант, эндокринный разрушитель, способен образовывать аддукты ДНК, вызывая генотоксический стресс.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка контаминации биосред CH2O и полиморфизма гена MTHFR A1298C как факторов риска формирования у детей патологии щитовидной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. 79 детей-подростков в возрасте 13,59 ± 1,74 года, проживающих в условиях аэрогенной экспозиции CH2O на уровне 2,3 предельно допустимой среднегодовой концентрации, из них 39 человек — группа наблюдения с диагнозом «другие уточнённые болезни щитовидной железы» (E07.8), 40 условно здоровых детей — группа сравнения. Изучены уровни IgE, специфического к CH2O, моноцитарного хемоаттрактантного белка-1 (MCP-1), T4, тиреотропного гормона, антител к тиреоглобулину и тиреопероксидазе методом иммуноферментного анализа. Выполнена оценка полиморфизма гена MTHFR A1298C методом ПЦР в реальном времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что уровень биоэкспозиции CH2O в группе наблюдения достоверно выше фонового диапазона и группы сравнения в 2,3 и 1,2 раза соответственно. Группа наблюдения отличалась более высоким уровнем специфического иммунного ответа (IgE к CH2O) в 1,4 раза, а также достоверно повышенным уровнем тиреотропного гормона в 1,3 раза и MCP-1 в 1,2 раза. Сравнительный анализ полиморфизма гена MTHFR A1298C в группе наблюдения по отношению к группе сравнения показал достоверное повышение частоты C-вариантного аллеля в 1,9 раза (OШ = 2,55; 95% ДИ 1,26–5,16; p &lt; 0,01) и CC-вариантного генотипа (OШ = 19,29; 95% ДИ 1,06–350,64; p &lt; 0,01), что увеличивает вероятность формирования заболеваний щитовидной железы в 1,6 раза (ОР = 1,58; 95% ДИ 1,26–1,95).</p><p>Ограничения исследования связаны с ограниченностью выборки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают гипотезу формирования дополнительной биоэкспозиции CH2O за счёт выработки эндогенного CH2O как результат модифицированного нокаутом гена MTHFR A1298C фолатного цикла, что способствует формированию патологического фенотипа щитовидной железы (E07.8).</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование одобрено этическим комитетом ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН» (протокол № 4 от 21.02.2023). Все участники дали информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Долгих О.В. — дизайн, анализ и интерпретация данных, окончательное утверждение публикуемой рукописи; Казакова О.А. — планирование, анализ и интерпретация данных, составление черновика рукописи; Лучникова В.А. — участие в подготовке черновика рукописи. Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 21.05.2025 / Принята к печати: 08.10.2025 / Опубликована: 17.12.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Formaldehyde is a well-known and widespread pollutant, an endocrine disruptor, capable of forming DNA adducts, causing genotoxic stress.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To evaluate the contamination of the formaldehyde biosensor and the polymorphism of the MTHFR A1298C gene as risk factors for the formation of thyroid pathology in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Overall, we examined seventy nine adolescents aged of 13.59 ± 1.74 years exposed to airborne formaldehyde at the level of 2.3 average annual MPL; of them, 39 adolescents (the observation group) were diagnosed with other specified disorders of thyroid (E07.8); the reference group was made of 40 conditionally healthy adolescents. We examined levels of specific sensitization to formaldehyde (IgE), chemokine MCP-1, T4, TTH, a/b to TG, a/b to TPO by Elias tests. A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene was estimated by RT PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The level of bioexposure by formaldehyde in the observation group was found to be significantly higher than the background range and in the comparison group by 2.3 and 1.2 times, respectively. Specific immune response was also more prominent in the observation group (1.4 times as high levels of IgE specific to formaldehyde); TTH and MCP-1 levels were also higher in this group, 1.3 and 1.2 times respectively against the reference one. Comparative analysis of A1298C polymorphism of the MTHFR gene revealed authentically higher frequency of the C allele, 1.9 times higher in the observation group against the reference one (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.26–5.16; p &lt; 0,01), and the CC genotype (OR = 19.29; 95% CI: 1.06–350.64; p &lt; 0.01), which creates 1.6 times higher risks of thyroid diseases (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.26–1.95).</p></sec><sec><title>Research limitations</title><p>Research limitations. The small sample size.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study findings confirm the hypothesis that additional bioexposure to formaldehyde occurs due to production of endogenous formaldehyde resulting from the A1298C folate cycle modified by the MTHFR gene knock-out. This promotes formation of pathological thyroid phenotype (E07.8).</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies (The Meeting Protocol No. 4 dated February 21, 2023). All participants were informed about the study aim and provided their informed written consent to it.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Dolgikh O.V. — study design, data analysis and interpretation, intermediate approval of the manuscript to be published; Kazakova О.А. — study planning, data analysis and interpretation, creating a draft manuscript; Luchnikova V.А. — participating in creating a draft manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of the article and bear full responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The research was not granted any sponsor support.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 21, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>формальдегид</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>щитовидная железа</kwd><kwd>ген MTHFR</kwd><kwd>специфический к формальдегиду IgE</kwd><kwd>моноцитарный хемоаттрактантный белок-1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>formaldehyde</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>thyroid gland</kwd><kwd>MTHFR gene</kwd><kwd>IgE specific to formaldehyde</kwd><kwd>MCP-1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дорогова В.Б., Тараненко Н.А., Рычагова О.А. Формальдегид в окружающей среде и его влияние на организм (обзор). 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