rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-6-554-560ddhbexrfhealth-2057Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИКА НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙPREVENTION OF NONINFECTIOUS DISEASESТенденции в изучении факторов риска и мер профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (обзор литературы)Trends in the study of risk factors and preventive measures for chronic noncommunicable diseases (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-7249ТимошевскийАлександр АнатольевичTimoshevskiiAlexander A.

Доктор мед. наук, доцент, науч. сотр. отдела исследований общественного здоровья ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия

e-mail: TimoshevskijAA@zdrav.mos.ru

DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, researcher, Department of public health research, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation

e-mail: TimoshevskijAA@zdrav.mos.ru

TimoshevskijAA@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2504-1660ГлуховаЮлия ОлеговнаGlukhovaJulia O.

Аспирант ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия

e-mail: gluhovayo@yandex.ru

Postgraduate student, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation

e-mail: gluhovayo@yandex.ru

gluhovayo@yandex.ruГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian Federation202515122025696554560Copyright © Тимошевский А.А., Глухова Ю.О., 20252025Тимошевский А.А., Глухова Ю.О.Timoshevskii A.A., Glukhova J.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2057Введение

Введение. Мировая практика оценки факторов риска и мер профилактики хронических неинфекционных заболеваний (ХНИЗ) включает разнообразные подходы, направленные на снижение распространённости и смертности от ХНИЗ. Успешные примеры из разных стран показывают, что комплексный подход и вовлечённость всех слоев общества могут привести к значительным улучшениям в области профилактики ХНИЗ, а Всемирная организация здравоохранения выделяет несколько ключевых мер для профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний.

Цель исследования — выявить наиболее значимые мировые тенденции в оценке факторов риска (сбор данных, эпидемиологический анализ и мониторинг) и внедряемых мер профилактики ХНИЗ.

Проведены обзор и анализ зарубежной и отечественной научной литературы, посвящённой тенденциям в оценке факторов риска и внедряемых мер профилактики ХНИЗ, по базам данных PubMed, Web of Science, Springer Nature Link, на ресурсах компании BMJ Publishing Group Limited и РИНЦ за 2020‒2025 гг.

Ключевые мировые практики в изучении факторов риска охватывают оценку и мониторинг факторов риска. В оценке факторов риска используется сбор данных и эпидемиологический анализ, во многих странах существуют национальные опросы и регистры. Проводится изучение роли психосоциальных факторов риска в развитии неинфекционной патологии. Внедряются меры профилактики ХНИЗ: образовательные программы, изменение политики и законодательные инициативы, создание инфраструктуры для активного образа жизни, применение инноваций в направлении сбора, систематизации, управления и администрирования данных о пациентах, что позволяет выделять группы риска и проводить для них проактивные программы вмешательства.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Тимошевский А.А. — концепция исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, составление списка литературы; Глухова Ю.О. — сбор и обработка материала, составление списка литературы. Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Данная статья подготовлена авторским коллективом в рамках НИР «Инновационные подходы в развитии системы общественного здравоохранения города Москвы» (№ по ЕГИСУ: № 123032100060-2).

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила

Поступила: 04.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 08.10.2025/ Опубликована: 17.12.2025

Introduction

Introduction. The global practice of assessing risk factors and preventive measures for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) includes a variety of approaches aimed at reducing their prevalence and mortality. Successful examples from different countries show that an integrated approach and the involvement of all sectors of society can lead to significant improvements in the prevention of NCDs, and the World Health Organization (WHO) identifies several key measures for the prevention of NCDs.

The purpose of the study

The purpose of the study. To identify the most significant global trends in the assessment of risk factors (data collection, epidemiological analysis, and monitoring) and the implemented measures for the prevention of chronic NCDs

A review and analysis of foreign and domestic scientific literature on trends in the assessment of risk factors and implemented measures for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Springer Nature Link databases, BMJ Publishing Group Limited and RSCI resources for 2020–2025.

Key global practices in the study of risk factors cover the assessment and monitoring of risk factors. Data collection and epidemiological analysis are used to assess risk factors, and national surveys and registers exist in many countries. The role of psychosocial risk factors in the development of non-communicable diseases is being studied. Measures for the prevention of NCDs are being implemented, such as educational programs, policy changes and legislative initiatives, the creation of an infrastructure for an active lifestyle, and the use of innovations in the collection, systematization, management, and administration of patient data, which makes it possible to identify risk groups and conduct proactive intervention programs for them.

Contribution of the authors: Timoshevskii A.A. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material, writing of text, compilation of a list of references; Glukhova Ju.O. — collection and processing of the material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Funding

Funding. This article was prepared by the author’s team within the framework of the research «Innovative approaches in the development of the public health system of the city of Moscow» (no. according to EGISU: No. 123032100060-2).

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: April 2, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.