rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-6-538-545dvbvemrfhealth-2055Research ArticleОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯHEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONСтруктура мест смерти населения Российской Федерации в региональном аспектеThe structure of places of death of the population of the Russian Federation in a regional aspecthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-5564КакоринаЕкатерина ПетровнаKakorinaEkaterina P.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зам. директора ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского, 129110, Москва, Россия

e-mail: kakorina@list.ru

DSс (Medicine), Professor, deputy director, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

e-mail kakorina@list.ru

kakorina@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9320-1503СамородскаяИрина ВладимировнаSamorodskayaIrina V.

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр., ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского, 129110, Москва, Россия

e-mail: samor2000@yandex.ru

DSс (Medicine), Professor, chief researcher, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation

e-mail: samor2000@yandex.ru

samor2000@yandex.ruГБУЗ Московской области «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского»РоссияMoscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. VladimirskyRussian Federation202515122025696538545Copyright © Какорина Е.П., Самородская И.В., 20252025Какорина Е.П., Самородская И.В.Kakorina E.P., Samorodskaya I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2055Введение

Введение. Доля смертей в стационаре и вне его в разных странах значительно варьирует и зависит от многих факторов.

Цель — выявить изменения в структуре места смерти умерших в регионах России в 2018 и 2023 гг. в зависимости от причины смерти.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Таблицы получены по запросу из Росстата по форме С56 за 2018 и 2023 гг. по классам болезней по МКБ-10 и регионам РФ.

Результаты

Результаты. В 2023 г. доля смертей в России на дому (43,3%) сократилась на 7,8% по сравнению с 2018 г. (51,1%). Число регионов, в которых доля смертей на дому составляла более 50%, в 2023 г. сократилось в 2,2 раза (с 49 до 22). Доля умерших в стационаре возросла на 6% (с 31,9 до 38,2%). Самая высокая доля умерших в стационаре была от инфекционных болезней: 75,9% в 2018 г. и 80,4% в 2023 г. На болезни системы кровообращения и новообразования приходилось 63,8% умерших в стационаре в 2018 г. и 61,2% в 2023 г.; на дому — 59,9 и 68,4% соответственно. Максимальное увеличение доли умерших в стационаре (почти на 10%) зарегистрировано по трём классам: болезни эндокринной системы, органов дыхания и новообразования. Между регионами выявлены значительные различия по месту смерти в целом и по классам болезней.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Данные формы С56 не позволяют определить долю умерших в домах престарелых, инвалидов и других местах, т. к. объединены в одну строку — умершие в «другом месте».

Выводы

Выводы. В России выявлена тенденция к увеличению доли смертей в стационаре и снижение числа смертей на дому, но имеет место значительная региональная вариабельность.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Заключение этического комитета не требовалось, учитывая неперсонифицированный характер данных.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Какорина Е.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование. Самородская И.В. — написание текста, статистическая обработка данных, составление списка литературы. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила

Поступила: 06.02.2025 / Принята к печати: 08.10.2025 / Опубликована: 17.12.2025

Introduction

Introduction. The proportion of deaths in and out of hospitals varies considerably across countries and depends on many factors.

Purpose

Purpose. To identify changes in the structure of the place of death of the deceased in the regions of Russia in 2018 and 2023 depending on the cause of death.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Tables were obtained upon request from Rosstat in form C56 for 2018 and 2023 by classes of diseases according to ICD-10 and regions of the Russian Federation.

Results

Results. In 2023, the share of deaths in the Russian Federation at home (43.3%) decreased by 7.8% compared to 2018 (51.1%). The number of regions in which the share of deaths at home was more than 50% in 2023 decreased by 2.2 times (from 49 to 22). The share of deaths in hospitals increased by 6% (from 31.9 to 38.2%). The highest proportion of in-hospital deaths was due to infectious diseases: 75.9% in 2018 and 80.4% in 2023. Diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms accounted for 63.8% of all in-hospital deaths in 2018 and 61.2% in 2023; at home — 59.9% and 68.4%, respectively. The maximum increase in the proportion of in-hospital deaths (almost 10%) was recorded for three classes: diseases of the endocrine system, respiratory organs, and neoplasms. Significant differences were found between the regions by the place of death in general and by disease classes.

Research limitations

Research limitations. The data from Form C56 fails to allow determining the proportion of deaths in nursing homes, homes for the disabled, and other places, since deaths in “another place” are combined into one line.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate to a trend towards an increasing proportion of deaths in hospital and elsewhere, against the background of a decreasing proportion of deaths at home, with significant regional variability.

Compliance with ethical standards. The conclusion of the ethics committee was not required given the non-personalized nature of the data.

Contribution of the authors: Kakorina E.P. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing; Samorodskaya I.V. — writing the text, statistical processing of data, compiling the list of references. All co-authors approved the final version of the article, are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: February 6, 2025 / Accepted: October 8, 2025 / Published: December 17, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.