rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-5-469-474chokcorfhealth-2017Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИКА НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙPREVENTION OF NONINFECTIOUS DISEASESЗарубежные практики профилактики ожирения и избыточной массы тела у взрослого населения (обзор литературы)Foreign practices of prevention of obesity and overweight in the adult population (literature review)https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5581-3814ТимофееваАлена СергеевнаTimofeevaAlyona S.

Мл. науч. сотр. ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия

e-mail: TimofeevaAS2@zdrav.mos.ru

Junior researcher, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation

e-mail: TimofeevaAS2@zdrav.mos.ru

TimofeevaAS2@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-6545ДомбаанайБайыр СергеевичDombaanaiBayyr S.

Аналитик ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия

e-mail: DombaanayBS@zdrav.mos.ru

Analyst, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation

e-mail: DombaanayBS@zdrav.mos.ru

DombaanayBS@zdrav.mos.ruГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department202501112025695469474Copyright © Тимофеева А.С., Домбаанай Б.С., 20252025Тимофеева А.С., Домбаанай Б.С.Timofeeva A.S., Dombaanai B.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2017

Распространённость ожирения значительно возросла за последние четыре десятилетия во всём мире, во всех географических регионах, и ожидается, что к 2035 г. 51% (4 млрд человек) мирового населения в возрасте старше 5 лет будут иметь избыточную массу тела,  24% из которых будут страдать ожирением. Ожирение является также одним из основных факторов инвалидизации и смертности. Причины ожирения, вероятно, будут отличаться на разных этапах жизни, поэтому исследования в области профилактики и лечения ожирения должны охватывать период от зачатия до зрелого возраста.

Целью данного исследования являются обобщение и анализ зарубежных практик профилактики ожирения и избыточной массы тела у взрослого населения.

Для проведения обзора использовался метод представления отчётности о систематических обзорах и метаанализах (Prisma). Поиск осуществляли в библиографических базах данных eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar по ключевым словам: «первичная медико-санитарная помощь», «ожирение», «нарушение обмена липопротеидов», «профилактика», «обзор».

Профилактика и поддержка здорового образа жизни — новые темы в общей врачебной практике. Продолжение консультаций врачей общей практики с целью обсуждения способов нормализации массы тела пациента может привести к положительным изменениям в его поведении в отношении здоровья, даже если они не связаны с потерей массы тела. Зарубежными исследователями выявлены основные барьеры, препятствующие оказанию медицинской помощи пациентам с ожирением: стигматизация, неправильная коммуникация, ограничения системы оказания медицинской помощи, отсутствие индивидуальных рекомендаций и социокультурные влияния.

Примеры успешных практик из разных стран демонстрируют, что совместные усилия медицинских организаций, правительства, работодателей и общества в целом могут создать условия для повышения качества жизни и здоровья населения.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Тимофеева А.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, составление списка литературы, редактирование текста; Домбаанай Б.С. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование текста. Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Данная статья подготовлена авторским коллективом в рамках НИР «Научное обоснование подходов к преобразованию деятельности амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждений, подведомственных ДЗМ» (№ по ЕГИСУ: 123032100061-9).

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила

Поступила: 01.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.06.2025 / Опубликована: 31.10.2025

Introduction

Introduction. The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly over the past four decades worldwide, in all geographical regions, and it is expected that 51% (four billion people) of the global population (over the age of five) will be overweight by 2035, 24% of whom will be obese. Obesity is also one of the main factors of disability and mortality. The causes of obesity are likely to differ at different stages of the life, so research into the prevention and treatment of obesity should cover the period from conception to adulthood.

The purpose of this study. To summarize and analyze foreign practices of the prevention of obesity and overweight in the adult population.

The systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Prisma) reporting method was used to conduct the review. The search was carried out in the bibliographic databases eLibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar by keywords: “primary health care”, “obesity”, “lipoprotein metabolism disorder”, “prevention”, “review”.

Prevention and support of a healthy lifestyle are new topics in general medical practice. Continuing consultations with general practitioners to discuss ways to normalize a patient’s weight can lead to positive changes in their health behavior, even if they are not related to weight loss. Foreign researchers have identified four main barriers preventing the provision of medical care to obese patients: stigmatization, improper communication, limitations of the medical care system, lack of individual recommendations and socio-cultural influences.

Examples of successful practices from different countries demonstrate that joint efforts by medical organizations, governments, employers and society as a whole can create conditions for improving the quality of life and health of the population.

Contribution of the authors: Timofeeva A.S. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material, writing of text, compilation of a list of references, text editing; Dombaanai B.S. — collecting and processing material, writing text, editing text. All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding

Funding. This article was prepared by the authors’ team within the framework of the research work «Scientific substantiation of approaches to transforming the activities of outpatient and polyclinic institutions subordinate to the Department of Health of the City of Moscow» (no. according to EGISU: 123032100061-9).

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: April 1, 2025 / Accepted: June 24, 2025 / Published: October 31, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.