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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-5-407-415</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">oieqtv</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-2008</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Первичная заболеваемость сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями в мире и Российской Федерации в 1990–2021 годах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Primary incidence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide and in the Russian Federation from 1990 to 2021</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-8860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бражников</surname><given-names>Алексей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brazhnikov</surname><given-names>Alexey Iu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. ИМ. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет) Минздрава России, 119048, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: bra-mma@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation, https://orcid.org/ E-mail: bra-mma@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bra-mma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-5861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кураева</surname><given-names>Виктория Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuraeva</surname><given-names>Viktoriya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: KuraevaVM@zdrav.mos.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: KuraevaVM@zdrav.mos.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KuraevaVM@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-8643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ойноткинова</surname><given-names>Ольга Шонкоровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oynotkinova</surname><given-names>Olga Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, аналитик ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, analyst, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-5195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дербенев</surname><given-names>Димитрий Павлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derbenev</surname><given-names>Dimitry P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор каф. организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: dipald@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Department of health organization and public health, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: dipald@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dipald@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>407</fpage><lpage>415</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бражников А.Ю., Кураева В.М., Ойноткинова О.Ш., Дербенев Д.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бражников А.Ю., Кураева В.М., Ойноткинова О.Ш., Дербенев Д.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brazhnikov A.I., Kuraeva V.M., Oynotkinova O.S., Derbenev D.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2008">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/2008</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) продолжают лидировать среди всех причин смерти населения в мире. Заболеваемость ССЗ продолжает расти в отдельных странах, несмотря на существующие стратегии сдерживания, применяемые на различных уровнях, включая индивидуальный и страновой.</p><p>Цель исследования — анализ первичной заболеваемости ССЗ населения стран мира за период с 1990 по 2021 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучены данные онлайн-издания «Our World in Data». Проведены группировка стран делением на квартили по уровню заболеваемости, иерархический кластерный анализ методом средней межгрупповой связи, расчёт показателя среднегодового темпа прироста (снижения) заболеваемости (СТПР).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уровень первичной заболеваемости ССЗ в мире с 1990 по 2021 г. снизился с 0,9 до 0,8 случая на 100 человек (СТПР = –0,46%). По уровню первичной заболеваемости ССЗ в 2021 г. Россия находится в 4-м квартиле — в группе стран с высокой заболеваемостью. Кластеризация показала, что Россия группируется с Алжиром, Иорданией и Монголией, имея схожие уровни заболеваемости (1,28–1,29 случая на 100 человек) и тенденцию к снижению заболеваемости.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Для проведения анализа были использованы стандартизованные по возрасту показатели первичной заболеваемости ССЗ 204 стран за период с 1990 по 2021 г., что представляет собой достаточно референтную выборку.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. С 1990 по 2021 г. глобальная первичная заболеваемость ССЗ снизилась. По состоянию на 2021 г. Россия продолжала входить в число стран с самыми высокими уровнями первичной заболеваемости ССЗ, но при этом отмечалась тенденция к снижению заболеваемости, совпадающая с тенденцией большинства стран мира. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для изучения факторов, детерминирующих выявленную вариабельность показателя заболеваемости, и оценки эффективности мер, направленных на снижение заболеваемости.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Данный вид исследования не требует прохождения экспертизы локальным этическим комитетом.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Бражников А.Ю. — научное руководство, концепция и дизайн исследования, формулировка и развитие основных тезисов статьи, статистическая обработка данных; Кураева В.М. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование, составление списка литературы; Ойноткинова О.Ш. — обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Дербенев Д.П. — обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Данная статья подготовлена авторским коллективом в рамках НИР «Инновационные подходы в развитии системы общественного здравоохранения города Москвы» (№ по ЕГИСУ: № 123032100060-2).</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 04.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.06.2025 / Опубликована: 31.10.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to lead among all causes of death in the world. The CVD incidence in countries continues to rise, despite existing containment strategies applied at various levels, including individual and country-based.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. To analyze the CVD incidence in populations across the world from 1990 to 2021.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Data were sourced from the online publication “Our World in Data.” Countries were grouped by disease incidence level using quartile division; hierarchical cluster analysis was performed via the average linkage method, and the average annual growth/decline rate (AR) of disease incidence was calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The CVD incidence in the world from 1990 to 2021 decreased from 0.9 to 0.8 cases per 100 people (AR = –0.46%). In terms of the primary incidence of CVD in 2021, the Russian Federation is in the fourth quarter, in the group of countries with high incidence. Clustering showed the Russian Federation to be grouped with Algeria, Jordan and Mongolia, having similar incidence rates (1.28–1.29 cases per 100 people) and a tendency to decrease the incidence.</p></sec><sec><title>Research limitations</title><p>Research limitations. For the analysis, age-standardized indices of CVD incidence from 204 countries for the period from 1990 to 2021 were used, constituting a highly representative sample.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. From 1990 to 2021, the global CVD incidence declined. As of 2021, the Russian Federation continued to be among the countries with the highest levels of CVD incidence, but at the same time, there was a downward trend in the incidence, which coincided with the trend in most countries of the world. Further research is needed to study the factors determining the revealed variability in the incidence and evaluate the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing morbidity.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. This type of research does not require an examination by the local ethics committee.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Brazhnikov A.Yu. — scientific guidance, concept and design of the research, formulation and development of material, statistical processing of data; Kuraeva V.M. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing, compiling the list of references; Oynotkinova O.Sh. — material processing, text writing, editing; Derbenev D.P. — material processing, text writing, editing. All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. This article was prepared by the author’s team within the framework of the research “Innovative approaches in the development of the public health system of the city of Moscow” (No. according to EGISU: № 123032100060-2).</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: April 4, 2025 / Accepted: June 24, 2025 / Published: October 31, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>первичная заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>primary incidence</kwd><kwd>cluster analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Cao G.Y., Jing W.Z., Liu J., Liu M. 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