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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-4-361-366</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">fhxfzi</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1971</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL ISSUES OF HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности иммунного и генетического профиля детей с патологией костно-мышечной системы в условиях биоконтаминации алюминием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the immune and genetic profile in children with musculoskeletal pathology under exposure to biocontamination with aluminum compounds</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, науч. руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znv@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-2448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинкина</surname><given-names>Алиса Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinkina</surname><given-names>Alisa S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отдела иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shirinkina.ali@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед.наук, профессор, зав. отделом иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-3930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ст. науч. сотр. отдела иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ МПТ УРЗН», 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior researcher, Department of Immunobiological Diagnostic Methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: chakina2011@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chakina2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>361</fpage><lpage>366</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зайцева Н.В., Ширинкина А.С., Долгих О.В., Казакова О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Ширинкина А.С., Долгих О.В., Казакова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Shirinkina A.S., Dolgikh O.V., Kazakova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1971">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1971</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Компартменты костно-мышечной системы (КМС) служат долгосрочным резервуаром для металлов, в том числе алюминия. Проживание в техногенно загрязнённой среде может привести к дефектам формирования костной ткани.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка особенностей иммунного и генетического профиля детей с заболеваниями КМС в условиях биоконтаминации алюминием.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы 166 детей, проживающих в зоне техногенного алюминиевого района. Группа наблюдения (n = 66) — дети с диагнозом M85.8 «Другие уточнённые нарушения плотности и структуры костей». Группа сравнения — условно здоровые дети (n = 100). Уровень CD19+ определяли методом цитофлюорометрии, IgG к алюминию — аллергосорбентным тестированием, остеокальцина — методом иммуноферментного анализа, IgG, IgM, IgA — по методу Манчини. Полиморфизм генов TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) и VDR C&gt;T (rs2228570) выявляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Содержание алюминия в моче детей с заболеваниями КМС составило 0,0317 ± 0,0051 мг/дм³, что в 2,66 раза выше, чем в группе сравнения. Уровень IgG к алюминию у 74,5% детей превышал норму. N-остеокальцин был снижен в 1,13 раза. Установлены гиперэкспрессия CD19+ (в 2,36 раза), увеличение IgG (в 1,2 раза) и дефицит IgA (в 1,32 раза). В группе наблюдения по отношению к группе сравнения установлено значимое (в 1,9 раза) повышение частоты вариантного аллеля G TLR4 A8595G и частот вариантного аллеля C и генотипа CC VDR Met1Thr в 1,4–2,6 раза.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Дети 3–6 лет, проживающие в зоне выбросов алюмиевого производства, для группы наблюдения — диагноз M85.8.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлена активация в системе В-лимфоциты→реагины, компартментами выступают CD19+→IgG→специфический IgG к алюминию, что может свидетельствовать об участии иммунитета в формировании патологии КМС. Наличие вариантных аллелей и генотипов кандидатных генов VDR C&gt;T (rs2228570), TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) увеличивает риск развития обменных и иммунных нарушений, ассоциированных с костной тканью, в 1,2–1,6 раза.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Родители или законные представители всех детей подписали добровольное информированное согласие на участие в исследовании. Исследование одобрено этическим комитетом ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» (протокол № 2 от 13.03.2024).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Зайцева Н.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Ширинкина А.С. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование, составление списка литературы, статистическая обработка данных; Долгих О.В.— концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование; Казакова О.А. — обработка материала, написание текста. Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. </p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 17.03.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.06.2025 / Опубликована: 12.09.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The musculoskeletal (MS) system stores heavy metals like aluminum, potentially causing bone defects in polluted environments.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to evaluate the immune and genetic profile in children with MS diseases under exposure to aluminum biocontamination.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. One hundred sixty six children from an aluminum province were selected to make up observation with diagnosis as 66, M85.8 «Other specified disorders of bone density and structure») and comparison (100 healthy) groups. The following iondices were estimated: CD19+ (cytofluorometry), IgG to aluminum (allergosorbent testing), osteocalcin (EIA), IgG, IgM, IgA (Mancini). PCR determined TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) and VDR C&gt;T (rs2228570) polymorphisms.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The aluminum content in blood in examined children with MS diseases was 0.0317 ± 0.0051 mg/dm³, which is 2.66 times higher than in the comparison group. IgG to aluminum in 74.5% of thr children exceeded the reference range. N-osteocalcin was reduced by 1.13 times. CD19+ hyperexpression (2.36 times), IgG increase by 1.2 times and IgA deficiency by 1.32 times were established. In the observation group against the comparison group, a significant increase was established in the frequency both of the variant allele G TLR4 and the variant allele C and the CC genotype VDR, by by 1.9 times and 1.4–2.6 times accordingly.</p></sec><sec><title>Research limitations</title><p>Research limitations. The study sample was limited to children aged 3–6 years living in a zone exposed to aluminum production emissions; for the observation group, diagnosis M85.8.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We established activation in the B-lymphocytes→reagins system, CD19+→IgG→specific IgG to aluminum compartments, which may indicate that immunity participoates in the formation of MS pathology. The presence of variant alleles and genotypes of candidate genes VDR C&gt;T (rs2228570), TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911) increases the risk of metabolic and immune disorders associated with bone tissue by 1.2–1.6 times.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Population Health Risk Management (protocol No. 2 dated March 13, 2024). Parents or guardians of all children signed voluntary informed consent to participate in the study.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Zaitseva N.V. — study concept and design, writing the text, editing; Shirinkina A.S. — collecting and processing material, writing text, editing, compiling a list of references, statistical data processing; Dolgikh O.V — study concept and design, writing the text, editing; Kazakova O.A. — data analysis, writing the text. All authors have approved of the final version of the article and bear full responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was not sponsored.</p></sec><sec><title>Competing interests</title><p>Competing interests. The authors declare no competing interests.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: March 17, 2025 / Accepted: June 24, 2025 / Published: September 12, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>патология костно-мышечной системы</kwd><kwd>алюминий</kwd><kwd>кластеры клеточной дифференцировки</kwd><kwd>N-остеокальцин</kwd><kwd>VDR C&gt;T (rs2228570)</kwd><kwd>TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>musculoskeletal pathology</kwd><kwd>aluminum</kwd><kwd>clusters of cell differentiation</kwd><kwd>N-osteocalcin</kwd><kwd>VDR C&gt;T (rs2228570)</kwd><kwd>TLR4 A8595G (rs1927911)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яршевич А.В., Морозик П.М. Анализ ассоциации вариантов гена VDR с уровнем витамина D в сыворотке пациентов с костно-мышечной патологией. 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