rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-4-350-355jotvbvrfhealth-1969Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИКА НЕИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙPREVENTION OF NONINFECTIOUS DISEASESРоль медицинских сестёр первичного звена в профилактической медицине: обзор зарубежных и отечественных практик (обзор литературы)The role of primary care nurses in preventive medicine: a review of foreign and domestic practices (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-0207БурковскаяЮлия ВалерьевнаBurkovskayaYulia V.

Науч. сотр. отдела научных основ организации здравоохранения, ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия

e-mail: BurkovskayaYV@zdrav.mos.ru

Researcher, Department of scientific foundations of healthcare management, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation

e-mail: BurkovskayaYV@zdrav.mos.ru

BurkovskayaYV@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-5606ГажеваАнастасия ВикторовнаGazhevaAnastasia V.

Канд. мед. наук, доцент, науч. сотр. отдела научных основ организации здравоохранения, ГБУ НИИОЗММ ДЗМ, 115088, Москва, Россия

e-mail: GazhevaAV@zdrav.mos.ru

PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, researcher, scientific foundations of healthcare management, Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation

e-mail: GazhevaAV@zdrav.mos.ru

GazhevaAV@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5118СвиридоваТатьяна БорисовнаSviridovaTatiana B.

Канд. эконом. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой управления сестринской деятельностью филиала ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации в г. Москве, 194044, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

e-mail: T-sviridova@mail.ru

PhD (Economy), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of nursing management of the Branch of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, St. Petersburg, 194044, Russian Federation

e-mail: T-sviridova@mail.ru

T-sviridova@mail.ruГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare DepartmentФилиал ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации в г. МосквеBranch of the Federal State Budgetary Military Educational Institution of Higher Education Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov202512092025694350355Copyright © Бурковская Ю.В., Гажева А.В., Свиридова Т.Б., 20252025Бурковская Ю.В., Гажева А.В., Свиридова Т.Б.Burkovskaya Y.V., Gazheva A.V., Sviridova T.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1969

Хронические неинфекционные заболевания (ХНИЗ), включая сердечно-сосудистые патологии, сахарный диабет, онкологические и респираторные болезни, тесно связаны с поведенческими факторами риска, что делает профилактику ключевым элементом современного здравоохранения. Профилактика на уровне первичной медико-санитарной помощи признаётся во всём мире ключевым инструментом снижения заболеваемости и экономической нагрузки на системы здравоохранения.

Целью исследования стало изучение роли медицинских сестёр первичного звена здравоохранения в организации профилактической помощи населению в зарубежных странах и России. Поиск осуществлялся в отечественных и международных библиографических базах данных eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar за 2020–2025 гг. по ключевым фразам: «роль медсестры в профилактической помощи», «успешные профилактические практики под руководством медсестёр», «эффективность профилактической помощи». Медицинские сёстры играют ключевую роль в реализации профилактических программ, включая образовательные стратегии, скрининг и раннее выявление заболеваний, укрепление здоровья и предупреждение болезней, а также взаимодействие с другими специалистами здравоохранения. Изучен международный опыт организации профилактической работы. Рассмотрены особенности профилактической деятельности медицинских сестёр в Российской Федерации, включая работу кабинетов доврачебного приёма и Школ здоровья. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на эффективность профилактической работы: организационные условия, уровень подготовки персонала, материально-техническое обеспечение. Обсуждаются перспективы развития профилактического направления, включая использование медицинскими сёстрами современных технологий. Сделан вывод о значительном потенциале медицинских сестёр в снижении заболеваемости хроническими патологиями и оптимизации системы здравоохранения. Подчёркивается необходимость дальнейшего совершенствования организации профилактической работы на уровне первичного звена медицинской помощи.

Соблюдение этических норм. Исследование одобрено локальным комитетом по этике Научно-исследовательского института организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы, Москва, протокол № 02-01/ЭK/2025 от 11.02.2025 г.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Бурковская Ю.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, составление списка литературы, редактирование; Гажева А.В. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Свиридова Т.Б. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста. Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Данная статья подготовлена авторским коллективом в рамках НИР «Научное обоснование подходов к преобразованию деятельности амбулаторно-поликлинических учреждений, подведомственных ДЗМ» (№ по ЕГИСУ 123032100061-9).

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила

Поступила: 01.04.2025 / Принята к печати: 24.06.2025 / Опубликована: 12.09.2025

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes mellitus, oncological, and respiratory diseases, are closely related to behavioral risk factors, which makes prevention a key element of modern healthcare. Prevention at the primary health care level is recognized worldwide as a key tool for reducing morbidity and economic burden on health systems. The purpose of the study was to study the role of primary care nurses in the institutions of preventive care for the population in foreign countries and Russia. The search was carried out in domestic and international bibliographic databases eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar for 2020–2025 by keywords: "the role of nurses in preventive care", "successful preventive practices under the guidance of nurses", "effectiveness of preventive care". Nurses play a key role in the implementation of prevention programs, including educational strategies, screening and early detection of diseases, health promotion and disease prevention, as well as interaction with other healthcare professionals. The international experience of managing preventive work has been studied. The features of preventive activities of nurses in the Russian Federation (RF), including the work of pre-medical reception rooms and Health Schools, are considered. The factors influencing the effectiveness of preventive work are analyzed: managerial conditions, staff training level, material and technical support. The prospects for the development of preventive medicine, including the use of modern technologies by nurses, are discussed. Nurses were concluded to have a significant potential in reducing the incidence of chronic pathologies and optimizing the healthcare system. The need for further improvement of the management of preventive work at the primary care level is emphasized.

Compliance with ethical standards. Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, protocol dated 11.02.2025 No. 02-01/ЭК/2025.

Contribution of the authors: Burkovskaya Yu.V. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material, writing of text, compilation of a list of references, editing; Gazheva A.V. — collecting and processing material, writing text, editing; Sviridova T.B. — collecting and processing material, writing text. All authors are responsible for approving the final version of the article and for ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding

Funding. This article was prepared by the authors’ team within the framework of the research work "Scientific substantiation of approaches to transforming the activities of outpatient and polyclinic institutions subordinate to the Department of Health of the City of Moscow" (no. according to EGISU: 123032100061-9).

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.

Received

Received: April 1, 2025 / Accepted: June 24, 2025 / Published: September 12, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.