rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-3-246-254oafwlkrfhealth-1918Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИКА ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙPREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASESИсследование бактериального загрязнения смартфонов, принадлежащих студентам медицинских факультетов в университетских клиниках южного ТунисаStudy of bacterial contamination of smartphones owned by health sciences students at the university teaching hospitals of southern Tunisiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-7254КетатаНухаKetataNouha

Врач, Отделение общественного здравоохранения и эпидемиологии, Университетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфаксский университет, Сфакс, Республика Тунис

e-mail: ketatanouha@gmail.com

Medical doctor, Hospital Hygiene Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia

e-mail: ketatanouha@gmail.com

ketatanouha@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-1486МедждубЙосраMejdoubYosra

Врач, Отделение общественного здравоохранения и эпидемио-логии, Университетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфакский университет, Сфакс, Республика Тунис

e-mail: yosra.mejdoub85@yahoo.fr

Medical doctor, Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia

e-mail: yosra.mejdoub85@yahoo.fr

yosra.mejdoub85@yahoo.frhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-3978-9269МаалейСальмаMaalejSalma

Врач-фармацевт, Фармацевтический университет, Монастирский Университет, Республика Тунис

e-mail: maalejsalma91@yahoo.fr

Pharmacist doctor, Pharmacy University, University of Monastir, Tunisia

e-mail: maalejsalma91@yahoo.fr

maalejsalma91@yahoo.frhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-3128ТуркиИменTurkiImen

Канд. мед. наук, Суский медицинский факультет, Исследовательская лаборатория ”Качество охраны и организации службы охраны материнства”, Суский Университет, Республика Тунис

PhD in health sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Research Laboratory “Quality of Care and Management of Maternal Health Services”, University of Sousse, Tunisia

noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-8481Бен ДжмааМаиссаBen JmaaMaissa

Врач, Отделение общественного здравоохранения и эпидемиологии, Университетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфаксский университет, Сфакс, Республика Тунис

e-mail: benjmaa_maissa@medecinesfax.org

Medical doctor, Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia

e-mail: benjmaa_maissa@medecinesfax.org

benjmaa_maissa@medecinesfax.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-0844СмауиСальмаSmaouiSalma

Врач-фармацевт, Фармацевтический университет, Монастирский Университет, Республика Тунис

e-mail: smaoui_salma@yahoo.fr

Pharmacist doctor, Pharmacy University, University of Monastir, Tunisia

e-mail: smaoui_salma@yahoo.fr

smaoui_salma@yahoo.frhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-6027БаклутиМоунаMounaBaklouti

Врач, Отделение общественного здравоохранения и эпидемиологии, Университетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфакский университет, Сфакс, Республика Тунис

e-mail: mouna.baklouti92@gmail.com

Medical doctor, Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia

e-mail: mouna.baklouti92@gmail.com

mouna.baklouti92@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-8744ЖдидиДжихенJdidiJihen

Врач, Отделение общественного здравоохранения и эпидемиологии, Университетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфаксский университет, Сфакс, Республика Тунис

e-mail: jdiditrabelsijihen@gmail.com

Medical doctor, Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia

e-mail: jdiditrabelsijihen@gmail.com

jdiditrabelsijihen@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8871-7877Мессади-АкрутФериэльMessadi-AkroutFerièle

Врач-фармацевт, Фармацевтический университет, Монастирский Университет, Республика Тунис

e-mail: ferielemessadi@yahoo.fr

Pharmacist doctor, Pharmacy University, University of Monastir, Tunisia

e-mail: ferielemessadi@yahoo.fr

ferielemessadi@yahoo.frhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-0837ЯичСурурYaichSourour

Врач, отделение общественного здравоохранения и эпидемиологии, университетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфакский университет, Республика Тунис

e-mail: yaich.sourour@gmail.com

Medical doctor, Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia

e-mail: yaich.sourour@gmail.com

yaich.sourour@gmail.comУниверситетская больница Хеди Чакер, Сфаксский университетРоссияHedi Chaker University Hospital, University of SfaxRussian FederationФармацевтический университет, Монастирский УниверситетРоссияPharmacy University, University of MonastirRussian FederationСуский УниверситетРоссияUniversity of SousseRussian Federation202501082025693246254Copyright © Кетата Н., Медждуб Й., Маалей С., Турки И., Бен Джмаа М., Смауи С., Баклути М., Ждиди Д., Мессади-Акрут Ф., Яич С., 20252025Кетата Н., Медждуб Й., Маалей С., Турки И., Бен Джмаа М., Смауи С., Баклути М., Ждиди Д., Мессади-Акрут Ф., Яич С.Ketata N., Mejdoub Y., Maalej S., Turki I., Ben Jmaa M., Smaoui S., Mouna B., Jdidi J., Messadi-Akrout F., Yaich S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1918Введение

Введение. Смартфоны, используемые медицинскими работниками и стажёрами, подвержены высокому риску загрязнения патогенами.

Цель исследования — оценить эффективность дезинфекции загрязнённых смартфонов 70% изопропиловым спиртом (ИПС), определить распространённость бактериального загрязнения смартфонов, используемых студентами медицинских вузов в Сфаксе, Южном Тунисе, и установить связанные с этим факторы.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. В Институте сестринского дела Сфакса для оценки загрязнения смартфонов до и после дезинфекции 70% ИПС в период с сентября по ноябрь 2021 г. проведено проспективное, пред-постквазиэкспериментальное исследование с участием 100 стажёров в клинических службах двух университетских больничных центров Сфакса, Южный Тунис (больница Хабиба Бургибы и больница Хеди Шакера).

Результаты

Результаты. Всего в опросе приняли участие 100 человек. Средний возраст составил 20,37 ± 0,70 года. Среди них было 58 (58%) женщин при соотношении мужчин и женщин 0,72. Уровень загрязнения смартфонов составил 62%. Сопутствующими факторами заражения смартфонов были 3-й год обучения (OR = 2,6; p = 0,049), работа в педиатрическом отделении (OR = 2,7; p = 0,042), работа в отделении интенсивной терапии (OR = 3,2; p = 0,018) и работа в университетской больнице Хабиба Бургибы (OR = 2,5; p = 0,026). Были выделены штаммы коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков (79%), Bacillus spp. (42%), Micrococcus spp. (29%), Corynebacterium spp. (11,3%) и грамотрицательные бактерии в окружающей среде (6,4%). Дезинфекция 70% ИПС оказалась эффективной, поскольку она позволила снизить темпы роста микробов на 96,25%.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Оно включало поперечное сечение, с помощью которого можно было оценить только связь между фактами, но не подтвердить причинно-следственные связи и динамику заражения.

Заключение

Заключение. Высокий уровень бактериального загрязнения смартфонов у студентов приводит к высокому риску распространения патогенов. Метод обработки поверхности смартфонов 70% ИПС представляется простым, эффективным и безопасным для дезинфекции смартфонов.

Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления мнения комитета по биомедицинской этике или других документов.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Кетата Н., Медждуб Й., Турки И., Ждиди Дж., Яич С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор, обработка и анализ данных, написание текста, редактирование; Маалей С., Джмаа Б.М., Cмауи С., Баклути М., Мессади-Акрут Ф. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор, обработка и анализ данных. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила

Поступила: 29.08.2023 / Принята к печати: 19.03.2024/ Опубликована: 30.06.2025

Introduction

Introduction. Smartphones (SP) of health-care-workers and trainees could be easily and quickly contaminated by pathogens.

The purpose of the study

The purpose of the study. To evaluate effectiveness of the disinfection with 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on SP contamination, identify the prevalence of bacterial contamination of SP used by health sciences students at Sfax, Southern Tunisia and to delineate its associated factors.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. It was a prospective, pre-post quasi-experimental study in the Institute of Nursing Sciences of Sfax to assess SP’ contamination before and after disinfection with 70% IPA conducted between September and November 2021 among 100 trainees in the clinical services of the two University Hospital Centers of Sfax, Southern Tunisia (Habib Bourguiba Hospital and Hedi Chaker Hospital) and who were carrying SP during their internship.

Results

Results. A total of 100 enrollees were included in the survey. The mean age was 20.37 ± 0.7 years. There were 58 (58%) females giving a male-to-female ratio of 0.72. The contamination rate of SP was of 62% among participants. Associated factors of SP contaminations were the 3rd year level (OR = 2.6; p = 0.049), working at a pediatric ward (OR = 2.7; p = 0.042), working at intensive care unit (OR = 3.2; p = 0.018) and working at Habib Bourguiba University Hospital (OR = 2.5; p = 0.026). Isolated germs were coagulase negative Staphylococci (79%), followed by Bacillus spp. (42%), Micrococcus spp. (29%), Corynebacterium spp. (11.3%) and gram-negative-bacilli of the environment (6.4%). Disinfection with 70% IPA had proven to be effective, as it had allowed a reduction rate of 96.25% of the growth of germs.

Research limitations

Research limitations. It included the cross-sectional design, through which it was possible to assess only the association between facts, but not to confirm causal relationships and temporality.

Conclusions

Conclusions. High level of bacterial contamination of trainees’ SP was observed causing high risk for pathogens spread. The surface spread method using 70% IPA seem to be simple, effective and riskless for SP disinfection.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution of the authors: Nouha Ketata, Yosra Mejdoub, Imen Turki, Jihen Jdidi, Sourour Yaich — research concept and design, data collection, processing, and analysis, writing, and editing; Salma Maalej, Maissa Ben Jmaa, Salma Smaoui, Mouna Baklouti, Ferièle Messadi-Akrout — research concept and design, data collection, processing, and analysis. All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: August 29, 2023 / Accepted: March 19, 2024 / Published: June 30, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.