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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-3-210-217</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ipvgic</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1913</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ проблем медицинского кадрового обеспечения в Кыргызстане</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of challenges in medical workforce provision in Kyrgyzstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-6878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касиев</surname><given-names>Накен Касиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasiev</surname><given-names>Naken K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. каф. общественного здравоохранения Кыргызско-Российского Славянского Университета имени первого Президента Российской Федерации Б.Н. Ельцина Министерства образования и науки Кыргызской Республики, Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, 720021, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика</p><p>e-mail: nakenkasiev@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Public Health, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B.N. Yeltsin, Bishkek, 720021, Kyrgyz Republic</p><p>e-mail: nakenkasiev@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nakenkasiev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-4680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишняков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валерьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishniakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. общественного здоровья и здравоохранения Международной высшей школы медицины Министерства образования и науки Кыргызской Республики, 720054, Бишкек, Кыргызская Республика</p><p>e-mail: vdv.vish@gmail.com, vdv@ism.edu.kg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Health and Healthcare, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, 720054, Kyrgyz Republic</p><p>e-mail: vdv.vish@gmail.com, vdv@ism.edu.kg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdv.vish@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызско-Российский Славянский Университет имени первого Президента Российской Федерации Б.Н. Ельцина Министерства образования и науки Кыргызской Республики, Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after B.N. Yeltsin</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международная Высшая Школа Медицины Министерства образования и науки Кыргызской Республики</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>International Higher School of Medicine</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>210</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Касиев Н.К., Вишняков Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Касиев Н.К., Вишняков Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasiev N.K., Vishniakov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1913">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1913</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Система здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики (КР) сталкивается с критической нехваткой кадров, несмотря на избыток выпускников медицинских вузов.</p><p>Цель исследования заключалась в выявлении основных факторов, способствующих нехватке врачей в КР, и предоставлении фактологического обеспечения для разработки политики удержания медицинских кадров в регионе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В кросс-секционном исследовании приняли участие 480 врачей-интернов последнего года обучения и 154 практикующих врача из 3 больниц КР. Собранные данные включали демографические характеристики, миграционные намерения, профессиональные предпочтения, факторы притяжения и выталкивания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. О намерении эмигрировать сообщили 63,1% участников. Среди интернов этот показатель был выше (65%), чем среди врачей (57%). У 31% интернов и 19% врачей были хорошо сформированные планы на миграцию. Кроме того, 20% интернов планировали быть частично занятыми или вообще не работать в медицинской сфере, тогда как около 20% практикующих врачей работали менее чем на полную ставку. Возраст оказался фактором, уменьшающим вероятность миграции (отношение шансов 0,95; 95% ДИ 0,92–0,97). Наличие собственного жилья также снижало намерения миграции в 2 раза. Значительную роль в формировании миграционных намерений среди интернов играли факторы «притяжения», а среди врачей — факторы «выталкивания».</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Качество результатов исследования обусловлено типом исследования (кросс-секционное) и методом сбора информации (анкетирование).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. КР сталкивается с серьёзными трудностями в удержании медицинских кадров. Для решения этих проблем необходимы целенаправленные стратегии, включая дифференцированные меры по удержанию, предполагающие снижение влияния факторов «отталкивания» и усиление факторов «притяжения», ориентированные на различные группы врачей. Реализация таких подходов позволит КР укрепить свою систему здравоохранения и предотвратить дальнейший отток врачей.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Данное исследование было одобрено Комитетом по этике Кыргызско-Российского Славянского университета от 25.05.2023. Все участники дали информированное добровольное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов. Все соавторы внесли равнозначный вклад в исследование и подготовку статьи к публикации.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 13.01.2025 / Принята к печати: 19.02.2025 / Опубликована: 30.06.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Kyrgyzstan’s (KR) healthcare system faces a critical workforce shortage despite an oversupply of graduating medical students. This study aimed to identify the key pathways contributing to physician attrition in KR and provide information for future evidence-based retention policies in the region.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study surveyed four hundred eighty last-year interns and 154 practicing physicians in three hospitals in KR. Collected data included demographic characteristics, migration intentions, professional preferences, and potential migration drivers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Migration intentions were reported by 63.1% of participants, with higher rates among interns (65%) compared to physicians (57%). 31% of interns and 19% of physicians had well-developed migration plans. Additionally, 20% of interns could potentially realize the transition into part-time or dormant physicians, while nearly 20% of practicing physicians already work less than full-time in the medical field. Age emerged as a protective factor, reducing migration likelihood (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97) along with living arrangements, owning a residence reduced migration intentions by twice. Key drivers of migration intentions among interns were pull factors, but among physicians, they were push factors.</p><p>Limitations arose from the nature of the observational study (cross-sectional) and method of collecting information (survey).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. KR faces significant challenges in retaining its healthcare workforce. Addressing these issues requires targeted strategies. Differentiated retention efforts tailored to interns and practicing physicians are crucial. By mitigating push factors and enhancing pull factors, KR can strengthen its healthcare system and prevent further attrition of physicians.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University on May 25, 2023. All study participants gave informed consent before the survey.</p><p>Contribution of the authors. All co-authors made an equal contribution to the research and preparation of the article for publication.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: January 13, 2025 / Accepted: February 19, 2025 / Published: June 30, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врачебные кадры</kwd><kwd>миграция врачей</kwd><kwd>утечка мозгов</kwd><kwd>намерение врачей мигрировать</kwd><kwd>факторы притяжения &#13;
и выталкивания</kwd><kwd>частичная занятость врачей</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>Кыргызстан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physician workforce</kwd><kwd>physician migration</kwd><kwd>brain drain</kwd><kwd>physicians’ intention to migrate</kwd><kwd>push and pull factors</kwd><kwd>part-time working physicians</kwd><kwd>dormant physicians</kwd><kwd>healthcare</kwd><kwd>Kyrgyzstan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Health workforce. Available at: https://who.int/health-topics/health-workforce#tab=tab_1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Health workforce. Available at: https://who.int/health-topics/health-workforce#tab=tab_1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michaeli D.T., Michaeli J.C., Albers S., Michaeli T. 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