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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-2-175-181</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vkwvfr</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1858</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ И МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF HEALTH CARE AND MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отто фон Бисмарк или Карл Маркс: финансирование медицинских гарантий населению взносами с зарплат или налогом с оборота?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Otto von Bismarck or Karl Marx: financing medical guarantees for the population by contributions from salaries or by turnover tax?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-8765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рагозин</surname><given-names>Андрей Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ragozin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, директор Центра проблем организации, финансирования и межтерриториальных отношений в здравоохранении Института региональной экономики и межбюджетных отношений Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации, 125167, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: avragozin@fa.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Director of the Center for Problems of Organization, Financing and Interterritorial Relations in Healthcare, Institute of Regional Economics and Interbudgetary Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125167, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: avragozin@fa.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avragozin@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-8128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришин</surname><given-names>Владимир Вадимович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishin</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор эконом. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотр. Центра проблем организации, финансирования и межтерриториальных отношений в здравоохранении Института региональной экономики и межбюджетных отношений Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации, 125167, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vvgrishin@fa.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Economy), Professor, chief researcher, Center for Problems of Organization, Financing and Interterritorial Relations in Healthcare, Institute of Regional Economics and Interbudgetary Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125167, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vvgrishin@fa.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvgrishin@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-2693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудник</surname><given-names>Анна Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudnik</surname><given-names>Anna I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. эконом. наук, ст. науч. сотр. Института региональной экономики и межбюджетных отношений Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации, 125167, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: aidudnik@fa.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, (Economy), senior researcher, Institute of Regional Economics and Interbudgetary Relations, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 125167, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: aidudnik@fa.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aidudnik@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>181</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рагозин А.В., Гришин В.В., Дудник А.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рагозин А.В., Гришин В.В., Дудник А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ragozin A.V., Grishin V.V., Dudnik A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1858">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1858</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуются обстоятельства, которые позволили Советскому Союзу быстро создать в 1920–1930 гг. первую в мире систему всеобщего охвата услугами здравоохранения (universal health coverage, UHC), опередив большинство развитых стран Организации сотрудничества и экономического развития (ОЭСР). При этом если страны ОЭСР создали свои системы UHC в условиях бурного экономического роста в период «золотого века капитализма» (1945–1975 гг.), то достижение UHC в СССР происходило в крайне неблагоприятных экономических условиях. Анализируя успех здравоохранения СССР, авторы делают вывод о важной роли отказа в его финансировании от налогообложения фонда оплаты труда (так называемой системы Бисмарка) в пользу инновационного советского налога с оборота предприятий, источник идей для которого авторы нашли в произведениях К. Маркса и В. Ратенау. Авторы видят перспективы использования советской налоговой инновации в XXI в.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Рагозин А.В. — концепция исследования, написание текста, составление списка литературы; Гришин В.В. — сбор и обработка материала; Дудник А.И. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счёт бюджетных средств по государственному заданию ФГБОУ ВО «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации».</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 03.12.2024 / Принята к печати: 19.02.2025 / Опубликована: 30.04.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the circumstances that allowed the Soviet Union rapid creating the world’s first universal health coverage (UHC) system in the 1920s and 1930s, ahead of most developed OECD countries. At the same time, while OECD countries created their UHC systems in the context of rapid economic growth during the so-called “golden age of capitalism” (1945–1975), the achievement of UHC in the USSR occurred in extremely unfavourable economic conditions. Analyzing the success of healthcare in the USSR, the authors conclude the refusal to finance it from taxation of the wage fund (the so-called Bismarck system) to be in favour of the innovative Soviet tax on the turnover of enterprises, the authors found the source of ideas for which in the works of K. Marx and W. Rathenau, played an important role. The authors see prospects for using the Soviet tax innovation in the 21st century.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Ragozin A.V. — research concept, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature; Grishin V.V. — statistical data processing; Dudnik A.I. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The article was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under a state assignment for the Financial University.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: December 3, 2024 / Accepted: February 19, 2025 / Published: April 30, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>всеобщий охват услугами здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>финансирование</kwd><kwd>налоги</kwd><kwd>страховые взносы</kwd><kwd>влияние на производство</kwd><kwd>Бисмарк</kwd><kwd>Маркс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Universal health coverage</kwd><kwd>financing</kwd><kwd>taxes</kwd><kwd>insurance premiums</kwd><kwd>impact on production</kwd><kwd>Bismarck</kwd><kwd>Marx</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Busse R., Blümel M., Knieps F., Bärnighausen T. Statutory health insurance in Germany: a health system shaped by 135 years of solidarity, self-governance, and competition. 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