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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-2-169-174</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">zzlyud</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1857</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профилактика врачебных ошибок — важный аспект практической медицины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prevention of medical errors is a comprehensive aspect of the practical medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-5262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махамбетчин</surname><given-names>Мурат Максутович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhambetchin</surname><given-names>Murat M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, ст. науч. сотр. Национального научного центра травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Батпенова Н.Д. Минздрава Республики Казахстан, 010009, Астана, Республика Казахстан</p><p>e-mail: murat.makhambetchin@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher of National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after academician N.D. Batpenov, Astana, 010009, Kazakhstan</p><p>e-mail: murat.makhambetchin@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murat.makhambetchin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-1464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакеев</surname><given-names>Кайрат Танабаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakeev</surname><given-names>Kayrat T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор каф. хирургии Медицинского университета Караганды, 100017, Караганда, Республика Казахстан</p><p>e-mail: kara3007@mail.ru            </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of surgery, Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, 100017, Kazakhstan</p><p>e-mail: kara3007@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kara3007@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5897-0259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лохвицкий</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokhvitskiy</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор каф. хирургии Медицинского университета Караганды, 100017, Караганда, Республика Казахстан</p><p>e-mail: snanna@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of surgery, Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, 100017, Kazakhstan</p><p>e-mail: snanna@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snanna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-3847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тургунов</surname><given-names>Ермек Мейрамович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turgunov</surname><given-names>Yermek M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, проректор по научной и клинической работе Медицинского университета Караганды, 100017, Караганда, Республика Казахстан</p><p>e-mail: turgunov@qmu.kz</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific and Clinical Work of Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, 100017, Kazakhstan</p><p>e-mail: turgunov@qmu.kz</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turgunov@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный научный центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Батпенова Н.Д. Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after academician N.D. Batpenov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет Караганды</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Karaganda Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Махамбетчин М.М., Шакеев К.Т., Лохвицкий С.В., Тургунов Е.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Махамбетчин М.М., Шакеев К.Т., Лохвицкий С.В., Тургунов Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhambetchin M.M., Shakeev K.T., Lokhvitskiy S.V., Turgunov Y.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1857">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1857</self-uri><abstract><p>Профилактика ошибок эффективнее при всестороннем понимании проблемы ошибок, её аспектов во взаимосвязи.</p><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Знания по проблеме врачебных ошибок недостаточно систематизированы и обобщены, и работа в этом направлении целесообразнее, чем исследования отдельных вопросов проблемы специальными доказательными методами.</p><p>Цель публикации — обсудить связь проблемы ошибок с медицинской наукой, напомнить о других ведущих аспектах теории врачебных ошибок.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом для настоящей работы стали источники литературы, собственные наблюдения и обсуждение проблемы на профессиональных сайтах. Научный анализ проводился общелогическими и аксиоматическими методами. Заключения по приведённым в статье аспектам проблемы, прежде всего нуждаются в понимании их содержания, чем в подтверждении доказательствами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Каждый неблагоприятный исход лечебно-диагностического процесса должен быть подвергнут анализу. Научный подход делает анализ неудач эффективным. Практика совершенствуется благодаря анализу, а анализ лежит в основе науки. Нерациональное отношение к ошибкам может тормозить развитие науки. Современная медицина развивается в направлении выявления и контролирования индивидуальных особенностей каждого пациента. Именно неизвестные и неконтролируемые индивидуальные особенности — частая причина диагностических и лечебных ошибок.</p><p>Такие ключевые понятия, как «ошибка», «вина», «наказание», «опыт», необходимо дифференцировать на подвиды с разным значением, чтобы при их использовании во время обсуждения правильно понимать друг друга. С ростом стажа работы врача меняется и структура причин его ошибок, что показано на конкретных примерах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ ошибок не только способствует успешной практике, но и стимулирует развитие медицинской науки. Необходимо защищать врачей от несправедливых обвинений, но важнее раскрыть им проблему ошибок и научить их правильно относиться к своим и чужим ошибкам. Понимание проблемы ошибок — лучшая профилактика ошибок.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Махамбетчин М.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, составление списка литературы; Шакеев К.Т., Тургунов Е.М. — написание текста, редактирование; Лохвицкий С.В. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 03.08.2023 / Поступила после доработки: 09.11.2023 / Принята к печати: 17.01.2024 / Опубликована: 30.04.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The prevention of medical errors is more effective when we fully understand the problem and its context.</p><p>The purpose of the publication is to discuss the connection of the problem and medical science, and to recall other leading aspects of medical malpractice theory.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Knowledge on the problem of medical errors is still insufficiently systematized and extended enough. Working in this direction may be more appropriate nowadays than studying the specific issues of the problems by specific evidentiary methods. So, the material for this paper was based on literature sources, own observations and discussion of the problem on professional websites. The scientific analysis was carried out by general logical and axiomatic methods. Conclusions on the aspects of the problem given in the article first of all need understanding of their content rather than confirmation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Each failure of the diagnosis and treatment process must be analyzed. A scientific approach makes failure analysis effective. Practice improves on analysis, and analysis is at the heart of the science. Irrational attitude to mistakes can slow down the development of the science. Modern medicine is developing in the direction of identifying and controlling the individual characteristics of each patient. It is the unknown and uncontrolled individual features that often cause diagnostic and curative errors.</p><p>The key terms such as “mistake”, “guilt”, “punishment”, “experience” must be differentiated into subtypes with different meanings, so that when they are used during a discussion, we can correctly understand each other. As a doctor’s work experience increases, the structure of the causes of his errors also changes, which is shown in specific examples.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Error analysis not only promotes good practice, but also stimulates the development of the medical science. It was necessary to protect doctors from unjust accusations, but it was more important to expose them to errors and teach them how to deal with their own and others’ mistakes. Understanding mistakes is the best way to prevent it.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Makhambetchin M.M. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature; Shakeev K.T., Turgunov Ye.M. — writing the text, editing; Lokhvitskiy S.V. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 3, 2023 / Revised: November 09, 2023 / Accepted: January 17, 2024 / Published: April 30, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врачебные ошибки</kwd><kwd>профилактика ошибок</kwd><kwd>медицинская наука</kwd><kwd>опыт</kwd><kwd>признание ошибок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical errors</kwd><kwd>error prevention</kwd><kwd>medical science</kwd><kwd>experience</kwd><kwd>admitting mistakes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carver N., Gupta V., Hipskind J.E. Medical Errors. 2023 May 7. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carver N., Gupta V., Hipskind J.E. Medical Errors. 2023 May 7. 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