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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2025-69-1-52-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">bealpu</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1783</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИГИЕНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOPICAL ISSUES OF HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гигиенические аспекты накопления мышьяка в рыбе, выращенной в естественных и искусственных условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hygienic aspects of accumulation of arsenic in fish grown in natural and artificial conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>Gennadiy G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды медико-профилактического факультета, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет), 119991, Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), academician of RAS, Head of the Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Faculty of Preventive Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-6507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитский</surname><given-names>Валерий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskiy</surname><given-names>Valery N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Академик РАН, доктор мед. наук, профессор, науч. руководитель Института гигиены, токсикологии пестицидов и химической безопасности, ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: vtox@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), academician of RAS, Scientific Director of the Institute of Hygiene, Pesticide Toxicology and Chemical Safety, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vtox@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vtox@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-6319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>Лидия Георгиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>Lydia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотр. отдела аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: lydiabondareva@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lydiabondareva@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lydiabondareva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8278-6382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Наталия Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Natalyia E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отдела аналитических методов контроля ФБУН «ФНЦГ им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 1410014, Мытищи, Россия</p><p>e-mail: natali53fed@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Chief Researcher, Department of an analytical control methods, Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: natali53fed@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natali53fed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Онищенко Г.Г., Ракитский В.Н., Бондарева Л.Г., Федорова Н.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Ракитский В.Н., Бондарева Л.Г., Федорова Н.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Rakitskiy V.N., Bondareva L.G., Fedorova N.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1783">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1783</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. По прогнозам, мировое потребление рыбы на душу населения достигнет 21,2 кг в 2030 г. по сравнению со средним показателем 20,5 кг в 2018–2020 гг. Рыба накапливает мышьяк (As), который затем с пищей попадает в организм человека.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка гигиенической безопасности для потребителя при употреблении в пищу рыбы, выращенной в естественных и искусственных условиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объект исследования — осётр сибирский (Acipenser baerii). Использованы методы выделения общего As и его неорганических форм при микроволновом разложении, последовательного фракционирования для выделения As в виде сложных органических соединений. Определение As во всех фракциях и формах существования элемента проводили методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой. Рассчитывали канцерогенный и неканцерогенный риски.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены данные по распределению As в частях и органах осетра. Составлена последовательность убыли общего As: печень &gt; (кишечник + желудок) с содержимым &gt; икра ≈ филе &gt; голова (без жабр) &gt; скелет с визигой &gt; жабры &gt; кожа без чешуи. До 27% накопленного As связано с жировой тканью с образованием сложных соединений с липидами. Уровни канцерогенного риска для неорганических форм As по критериям приемлемости находятся ниже величины целевого риска. Ни один из образцов осетра не имел значений неканцерогенного риска &gt; 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. В исследованиях использовался только один вид рыбы (осётр).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведённое последовательное фракционирование форм As позволило определить долю жирорастворимых, водорастворимых соединений As в филе и икре осетра по отношению к общему содержанию. Сравнительный анализ соединений As в рыбе, выращенной в естественных и искусственных условиях, не выявил существенных различий в его распределении между двумя способами выращивания. В результате проведённых исследований установлено, что употребление осетра сибирского не представляет опасности для здоровья человека.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование не требует представления заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике или иных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ракитский В.Н., Онищенко Г.Г., Федорова Н.Е. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Бондарева Л.Г. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование; Федорова Н.Е. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарнорсть</title><p>Благодарнорсть. Авторы выражают признательность сотрудникам Центра коллективного пользования Сибирского федерального университета за помощь в проведении исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила</title><p>Поступила: 25.11.2024 / Принята к печати: 11.12.2024 / Опубликована: 28.02.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. World consumption of fish per capita will reach 21.2 kg in 2030, compared to an average of 20.5 kg in 2018–2020. Fish accumulate arsenic, which then enters the human body with food. An acute problem is the hygienic aspects of accumulation of arsenic in fish grown in natural and artificial (aquaculture) conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. Assessment of hygienic safety for consumers when eating fish grown under natural conditions versus those raised on fish farms.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The objects of the study are Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). The methods of isolating total arsenic and inorganic arsenic by microwave decomposition, as well as the method of sequential fractionation for isolating arsenic in the form of complex organic compounds were used. Arsenic in all fractions and forms of existence of the element was determined by ICP-MC. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Data on arsenic distribution in sturgeon parts and organs were obtained. Based on this, the following sequence of total arsenic decrease was compiled: liver &gt; (intestine + stomach) with contents &gt; caviar ≈ fillet &gt; head (without gills) &gt; skeleton with visiga &gt; gills &gt; skin without scales. Up to 27% of all accumulated arsenic is associated with adipose tissue with the formation of complex compounds with lipids. The levels of carcinogenic risk for inorganic forms of arsenic according to the acceptance criteria are below the target risk value. None of the sturgeon samples had non-carcinogenic risk values &gt; 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Research limitations</title><p>Research limitations. Only one species of fish (sturgeon) was used in the studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The conducted sequential fractionation of arsenic forms allowed detecting the proportion of fat-soluble, water-soluble arsenic compounds in sturgeon fillets and caviar in relation to the total content. Comparative analysis of arsenic compounds in fish grown in natural and artificial conditions did not reveal significant differences in its distribution between the two methods of cultivation. As a result of the conducted studies, the use of Siberian sturgeon was established to do not pose a danger to human health.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require a biomedical ethics committee opinion.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Rakitskiy V.N., Onishchenko G.G., Fedorova N.E. — concept and design of the study; Bondareva L.G. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing; Fedorova N.E. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing. All co-authors — approved the final version of the article, are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to the staff of the Center for Collective Use of the Siberian Federal University for assistance in conducting the research. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title> Received</title><p> Received: November 25, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышьяк</kwd><kwd>рыба</kwd><kwd>осётр</kwd><kwd>последовательное фракционирование</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arsenic</kwd><kwd>fish</kwd><kwd>sturgeon</kwd><kwd>sequential fractionation</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Качество поверхностных вод Российской Федерации. Ежегодник – 2019. Ростов-на-Дону: Росгидромет; 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surface Water Quality of the Russian Federation. Yearbook – 2019 [Kachestvo poverkhnostnykh vod Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Ezhegodnik – 2019]. Rostov-na-Donu: Rosgidromet; 2020. 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