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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2024-68-6-449-458</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">okeywi</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1731</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методы комплексной оценки общественного здоровья в связи с факторами среды обитания на основе использования интегральных показателей. Описательный обзор (сообщение 1)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methods for complex population health evaluation in relation to environmental factors based on use of integral indices. Descriptive review (Report 1)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-7258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Онищенко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Onishchenko</surname><given-names>Gennadiy G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, зам. президента ФГБУ «Российская академия образования», 119121, Москва, Россия; зав. кафедрой экологии человека и гигиены окружающей среды ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва, Россия</p><p>e-mail: journal@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy President of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: journal@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">journal@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Нина Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, науч. руководитель ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znv@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-5713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клейн</surname><given-names>Светлана Владиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleyn</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, профессор РАН, зав. отделом системных методов санитарно-гигиенического анализа и мониторинга ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: kleyn@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Sanitary and Hygienic Analysis and Monitoring Systemic Methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: kleyn@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kleyn@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-8306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухих</surname><given-names>Максим Владиславович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhikh</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела системных методов санитарно-гигиенического анализа и мониторинга ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь, Россия</p><p>e-mail: gluhih@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), senior researcher at the Department of Sanitary and Hygienic Analysis and Monitoring Systemic Methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: gluhih@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gluhih@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российская академия образования»; ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Education; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>449</fpage><lpage>458</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Онищенко Г.Г., Зайцева Н.В., Клейн С.В., Глухих М.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Зайцева Н.В., Клейн С.В., Глухих М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Zaitseva N.V., Kleyn S.V., Glukhikh M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1731">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1731</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Структурные изменения в показателях здоровья населения и рисков, создаваемых изменением комплексов приоритетных факторов среды обитания, привели к закономерной необходимости создания интегральных метрик уровней общественного здоровья с возможностями их прогнозирования при различных ситуациях.</p><p>Цель исследования — описание показателей здоровья населения, используемых при его комплексных оценках.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Настоящее исследование представляет собой нарративный обзор научной литературы. Поиск научной литературы проводился по реферативным базам данных (SCOPUS, WoS), поисковой системе PubMed без ограничений по времени публикации. Анализировали две группы показателей: одномерные и показатели, основанные на таблицах смертности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены характерные преимущества и недостатки для каждого вида показателей, касающиеся возможностей межгрупповых или межпопуляционных оценок, учёта комплексности и связанности факторов различной природы, использования современных концепций здоровья с учётом выраженных социальных ориентаций. Показано, что, несмотря на имеющиеся значимые методологические наработки в данном направлении, концепции, интегральные показатели здоровья населения по-прежнему совершенствуются, в том числе благодаря междисциплинарному подходу, использованию теории сложных систем, современным возможностям в области вычислительных систем.</p><p>К ограничениям исследования относятся отсутствие жёстко детерминированной структурированной стратегии поиска. Результаты исследования носили качественный (описательный) характер с элементами сравнения/сопоставления, не предполагая количественные оценки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты выполненного обзора научной литературы позволили установить наиболее релевантные интегральные показатели общественного здоровья населения среди одномерных показателей и показателей, основанных на методах оценки ожидаемой продолжительности жизни; оценить обоснованность их структурных компонентов и сформулировать вывод о социальной направленности оценок здоровья населения, продолжительности и качества жизни, комплексности/многомерности учёта их составляющих, необходимости определения справедливости распределения ресурсов при установленном бремени болезней в отдельных группах населения.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Для проведения данного исследования не требовалось заключения комитета по биомедицинской этике (исследование выполнено на общедоступных данных официальной статистики).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Онищенко Г.Г. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи;Зайцева Н.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Клейн С.В. — редактирование, написание текста, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Глухих М.В. — сбор и обработка материала, редактирование, написание текста, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 12</title><p>Поступила 12.09.2024 / Принята к печати 03.10.2024 / Опубликована 28.12.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Structural changes detected in indices of population health and risks created by changes in priority environmental factors resulted in natural necessity to create integral valuations of population health that can be predicted under various circumstances.</p><p>The purpose of the study was the description of the population health indices used in its complex evaluations.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This paper is a narrative review of available research literature. Relevant literature sources were sought in reference databases (SCOPUS, WoS), and PubMed search system without any limitations as regards time of publication. Two groups of indices were analyzed: one-dimensional ones and those based on mortality tables.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Advantages and drawbacks typical for each measure types were established as regards a possibility to perform intergroup or inter-population evaluations; taking into account complexity and interrelations between various factors; use of contemporary concepts of health taking into account the expressed social orientations. Despite many available methodological developments in the sphere, integral population health indices are still being developed, among other things, due to interdisciplinary approaches, use of the complex systems theory, and up-to-date opportunities provided by computational systems.</p><p>Limitations include the lack of any strictly determined search strategy. The research results are considered qualitative (descriptive) with some elements of comparison and do not provide any quantitative estimations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results obtained by analysis of the accomplished literature allowed establishing the most relevant integral measures of population health among one-dimensional ones and those based on LEB assessment techniques and estimating whether their structural components were well-grounded. A conclusion was also made that any health evaluations, life expectancy, and life quality have certain social orientation and their multidimensional components should be taken into account in all their complexity. It is necessary to determine whether resources are allocated justly given the established burden of disease in specific population groups.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the approval of a biomedical ethics committee of other documents (the study was performed using publicly available official statistics).</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Onishchenko G.G. — study concept and design, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Zaitseva N.V. — study concept and design, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Kleyn S.V. — editing, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article; Glukhikh M.V. — editing, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article, collection and processing material, writing the text. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: September 12, 2024 / Accepted: October 3, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>здоровье населения</kwd><kwd>среда обитания</kwd><kwd>факторы среды обитания</kwd><kwd>детерминанты здоровья</kwd><kwd>ожидаемая продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>интегральные показатели здоровья</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>population health</kwd><kwd>living environment</kwd><kwd>living environment factors</kwd><kwd>health determinants</kwd><kwd>life expectancy</kwd><kwd>integrated health indices</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirk D. Demographic transition theory. Popul. Stud. (Camb.). 1996; 50(3): 361–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000149536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirk D. 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