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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-6-487-493</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vdlewl</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Медико-организационные подходы к обследованию пациентов с наследственными онкологическими синдромами и их родственников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical and management approaches to the examination of hereditary cancer syndrome patients and their relatives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-0068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бяхова</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byakhova</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. лаб. генетики Центра патологоанатомической диагностики и молекулярной генетики ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая онкологическая больница № 1 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы», 117152, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: biakhovamm@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Head of the Genetics Laboratory of Center for Pathological Anatomical Diagnostics and Molecular Genetics of the Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow City Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 117152, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: biakhovamm@mail.ru</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">biakhovamm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9954-4584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Партс</surname><given-names>Сергей А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parts</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-0837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Анна Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Anna B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2856-5176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Евгения С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>Evgenia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-1273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диденко</surname><given-names>Вера В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Didenko</surname><given-names>Vera V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-6179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкин</surname><given-names>Всеволод Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkin</surname><given-names>Vsevolod N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3455-493X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаджиева</surname><given-names>Саида М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadzhieva</surname><given-names>Saida M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ города Москвы «Городская клиническая онкологическая больница № 1 Департамента здравоохранения&#13;
города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Oncological Hospital No.1, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Департамент здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>487</fpage><lpage>493</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бяхова М.М., Партс С.А., Семенова А.Б., Кузьмина Е.С., Диденко В.В., Галкин В.Н., Гаджиева С.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бяхова М.М., Партс С.А., Семенова А.Б., Кузьмина Е.С., Диденко В.В., Галкин В.Н., Гаджиева С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Byakhova M.M., Parts S.A., Semenova A.B., Kuzmina E.S., Didenko V.V., Galkin V.N., Gadzhieva S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1425">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1425</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Генетическое тестирование вошло в практику оказания специализированной медицинской помощи пациентам со злокачественными новообразованиями (ЗНО). Это позволяет не только определиться с тактикой ведения пациентов, но и сформировать группу риска по развитию ЗНО. Отсутствие на сегодняшний день алгоритмов по диспансерному наблюдению пациентов, являющихся носителями мутаций, определило актуальность нашего исследования.</p><p>Целью исследования было предложить организационную модель работы кабинета наследственной опухолевой патологии (НОП) на основе анализа собственного опыта по выявлению пациентов с наследственными онкологическими синдромами, а также их родственников — носителей мутаций, ассоциированных с повышенным риском развития ЗНО.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Было проведено генетическое тестирование у 2276 пациентов со ЗНО молочной железы, желудочно-кишечного тракта, яичников, имеющих регистрацию по месту жительства в г. Москве.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Из 2276 пациентов с ЗНО у 714 пациентов выявлены мутации, ассоциированные с повышенным риском развития онкологических заболеваний. Далее были приглашены 277 родственников указанных пациентов, из которых по результатам исследований у 143 человек были выявлены мутации, ассоциированные с повышенным риском развития онкологических заболеваний (51,7%). На основании полученных результатов была разработана организационная модель кабинета НОП как составная часть центра амбулаторной онкологической помощи (ЦАОП), а также определена потребность в специалистах для работы в кабинете НОП на 100 тыс. населения — 0,06 штатной должности врача-онколога, 0,03 штатной должности врача-генетика и 0,03 штатной должности психолога.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследований</title><p>Ограничение исследований. Настоящее исследование не включало пациентов, не соответствующих критериям отбора, а также лиц младше 18 лет или не имеющих регистрации по месту жительства в г. Москве.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Внедрение в практику генетического тестирования родственников пациентов позволит сформировать группы риска для последующего диспансерного наблюдения, раннего выявления опухолевой и предопухолевой патологии.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Программа исследования была одобрена Московским городским независимым этическим комитетом (протокол № 69 от 13.10.2020).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Бяхова М.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, составление списка литературы;Партс С.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, обработка данных, редактирование, составление списка литературы;Семенова А.Б. — сбор и обработка материала;Кузьмина Е.С. — сбор и обработка материала, составление списка литературы, редактирование статьи;Диденко В.В. — сбор и обработка материала;Галкин В.Н. — сбор и обработка материала, редактирование статьи;Гаджиева С.М. — обработка данных, редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено за счёт средств гранта Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы (соглашение о предоставлении гранта в форме субсидии из бюджета города Москвы ГКОБ № 1 1022/2 от 24.12.2020).</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 07</title><p>Поступила 07.08.2023Принята в печать 11.10.2023Опубликована 23.12.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Genetic testing has become the part of the practice of providing specialized cancer care. This allows not only detecting the further tactics for patient management, but also identifying a risk group for the occurrence of malignant neoplasms (MNP). However, there are still no algorithms for dispensary monitoring of healthy carriers of mutations, which determined the relevance of our study.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to propose an organizational model for the work of the office of hereditary tumor pathology (HTP) based on the analysis of our own experience in identifying patients with hereditary oncological syndromes and their relatives as potent carriers of mutations associated with an increased risk of occurring MNP.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Genetic testing was carried out in two thousand two hundred seventy six patients (residents of Moscow) with breast, gastrointestinal tract, and ovarian cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 714 patients out of 2276 MNP patients had mutations associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. Further, 277 relatives of these patients were invited, and mutations were detected in 143 (51.7%). Based on these data, an management model of the HTP office was proposed as part of the Outpatient Oncology Center (OOC), and the need for specialists to work in the HTP office per 100 thousand people was determined — 0.06 oncologist’s rate, 0.03 doctor’s rate-genetics and 0.03 psychologist rates.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. This study did not include patients who did not meet the selection criteria, as well as persons under 18 years of age or who isn’t resident of Moscow.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The introduction of genetic testing of patients’ relatives into practice will allow forming risk groups for subsequent dispensary observation, early detection of tumor and precancerous pathology.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study program was approved by the Moscow City Independent Ethical Committee (protocol No. 69 dated 10/13/2020).</p><p>Contribution of the authors:Byakhova M.M. — research concept and design, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature;Parts S.A. — research concept and design, writing the text, statistical data processing, editing, compilation of the list of literature;Semenova A.B. — collection and processing of material;Kuzmina E.S. — collection and processing of material, compilation of the list of literature, editing;Didenko V.V. — collection and processing of material;Galkin V.N. — collection and processing of material, editing;Gadzhieva S.M. — statistical data processing, editing.All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgments</title><p>Acknowledgments. The study was conducted at the expense of a grant from the Department of Health of the City of Moscow (agreement on the provision of a grant in the form of a subsidy from the budget of the city of Moscow GKOB No. 1 1022/2 dated 12/24/2020).</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: August 7, 2023Accepted: October 11, 2023Published: December 23, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследственные онкологические синдромы</kwd><kwd>кабинет наследственной опухолевой патологии</kwd><kwd>генетическое тестирование</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические исследования</kwd><kwd>диспансерное наблюдение</kwd><kwd>группы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hereditary cancer syndromes</kwd><kwd>office of hereditary tumor pathology</kwd><kwd>genetic testing</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic research</kwd><kwd>dispensary observation</kwd><kwd>risk groups</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова Е.Е., Бодунова Н.А., Воронцова М.В., Захарова Г.С., Макарова М.В., Румянцев П.О. и др. 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