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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/0044-197Х-2019-63-1-42-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-120</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СМЕРТНОСТИ И СКОРОСТИ СТАРЕНИЯ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ ХХ СТОЛЕТИЯ В РОССИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHANGES OF MORTALITY AND RATE OF AGING IN THE SECOND HALF OF 20TH CENTURY IN RUSSIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донцов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dontsov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dontsovvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» РАН, Институт системного анализа</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center «Computer Science and Control»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Донцов В.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Донцов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dontsov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/120">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/120</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Углубление медико-демографических проблем, связанных с резким постарением населения, является преградой для эффективного социально-экономического развития стран, определяя повышение интереса к проблеме старения. Цель исследования - изучение особенностей и причин изменения возрастной смертности в России во второй половине ХХ века. Материал и методы. Для расчета компонентов формулы Гомперца, интенсивности смертности и ее приращения использовали таблицы дожития за 1960-2000 гг., программу Excel и разработанную компьютерную программу «Старение популяций»; адекватность расчетной (по формуле Гомперца) и истинной интенсивности смертности оценивали по коэффициенту корреляции (r). Результаты. Полученные данные показывают наличие 4 этапов изменения смертности: снижение детской смертности, повышение смертности в трудоспособном возрасте (20-65 лет), одинаковая смертность людей пенсионного возраста (65-85 лет) и повышение смертности в возрасте долгожителей (с 90 лет). Обсуждение. Улучшение медико-социальной помощи детям и пенсионерам позволило снизить детскую смертность и произвело феномен отсроченной смертности пенсионеров: уменьшилось приращение интенсивности смертности (скорости старения) в этом возрастном периоде. Последнее ведет к феномену инверсии общей смертности для возрастов долгожителей (с пониженной на повышенную). Однако использование вместо общей интенсивности смертности ее приращения позволяет сделать вывод, что снижение скорости старения для возрастов долгожителей сохраняется. Для трудоспособных возрастов смертность повышается. Очевидно, это связано с нарастающими стрессами и плохой экологией современных мегаполисов. В пенсионный период показатели интенсивности смертности выравниваются. Снижение внешнего компонента смертности формулы Гомперца делает график более линейным на протяжении большего возрастного периода (снижается вклад внешней компоненты Мейкема, константы, в экспоненциальную составляющую биологического старения). Заключение. Обнаруженные тенденции к изменению смертности указывают направления профилактического и социально-медицинского воздействия на здоровье населения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The deepening of medical and demographic problems associated with the sharp aging of the population is an obstacle to the effective socio-economic development of countries, determining the increased interest in the problem of aging. The aim of the study is to study the features and causes of changes in age mortality in Russia of the twentieth century. Material and methods. Used a table of survival for the 1960-2000 years for Russia to calculate the components of the formula of Gompertz, the intensity of mortality and its increments, using the Excel program, and developed the computer program “Aging of populations»; the adequacy of the calculated (according to the Gompertz formula) and true mortality rate was estimated by the correlation coefficient (“r”). Results. The data obtained clearly show the presence of 4 stages of mortality change: reduction of child mortality; increased mortality of working age (20-65 years); the same mortality of retirement ages (65-85 years); increased mortality in the ages of long-livers (from 85-90 years). Discussion. It can be concluded that the improvement of medical and social care for children and pensioners reduces child mortality and produces the phenomenon of “delayed mortality” of pensioners: reducing the intensity of mortality (the rate of aging) in this age period. The latter leads to the phenomenon of inversion of total mortality for ages of long-livers (from reduced to increased). Use instead of overall intensity of mortality of its increment leads to the conclusion however, that the decrease in the rate of ageing for the ages of centenarians persists. For working person age mortality is increasing, which is obviously due to the increasing stress and environmental difficulties of modern cities. During the pension period, mortality rates are equalized for all studied historical periods. The reduction of the external component of mortality of the Gompertz formula makes the graph more linear over a longer age period (the contribution of the external component of Makeham, the constant, to the exponential component of biological aging, decreases). Conclusion. The detected trends in mortality indicate the direction of preventive and socio-medical impact on the health of the population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>формула Гомперца-Мейкема</kwd><kwd>скорость старения</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>изменение смертности в истории</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>Gompertz-Makeham formula</kwd><kwd>aging rate</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>mortality changes in history</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильичева Ю.В., Колотова С.А. Влияние демографических процессов на производительность общественного труда. Управление персоналом и интеллектуальными ресурсами в России. 2014; 3(3): 49-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ильичева Ю.В., Колотова С.А. Влияние демографических процессов на производительность общественного труда. 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