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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-2-163-171</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">wgcehc</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1185</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профессиональный выбор как моральная дилемма врачей в условиях COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Professional choice as a moral dilemma for doctors in the context of COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-3652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишина</surname><given-names>Вера Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishina</surname><given-names>Vera B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-088X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петраш</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrash</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор психол. наук, доцент, профессор каф. клинической психологии факультета клинической психологии и социальной работы, 117997, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: petrash@mail.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Clinical Psychology and Social Work, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: petrash@mail.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-2282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргун</surname><given-names>Алексей Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgun</surname><given-names>Aleksey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моргун</surname><given-names>Любовь А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morgun</surname><given-names>Lyubov A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-1710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недуруева</surname><given-names>Татьяна В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedurueva</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Курский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kursk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никишина В.Б., Петраш Е.А., Моргун А.Н., Моргун Л.А., Недуруева Т.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никишина В.Б., Петраш Е.А., Моргун А.Н., Моргун Л.А., Недуруева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikishina V.B., Petrash E.A., Morgun A.N., Morgun L.A., Nedurueva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1185">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1185</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пандемия COVID-19 добавила новую смысловую динамику в проблему профессионального выбора врачей через изменение условий их деятельности: интенсификации задач, усложнения возможностей их выполнения, многократного усиления неопределённости прилагаемых усилий.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка профессионального выбора врачей в условиях COVID-19 при решении моральных дилемм.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Общий объём выборки составил 429 человек (врачи разных специальностей хирургического и терапевтического профилей) в возрасте 25–32 года, имеющие опыт практической деятельности в условиях COVID-19 не менее 1,5 года. Исследование проводилось с использованием разработанной авторской анкеты, содержащей 24 моральные дилеммы, касающиеся принятия профессиональных решений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Вне зависимости от профиля деятельности врача профессиональный выбор осуществляется в пользу пациентов одного с врачом пола. Как врачи-мужчины, так и врачи-женщины стремятся спасти пациентов молодого возраста (до 50 лет), имеющих хронические заболевания. Следует отметить, что профиль деятельности врача (оперирующий или не оперирующий) и его специальность также оказывают влияние на критерии выбора профессиональных решений. Чётких критериев в ситуации морального выбора не установлено только в группе врачей-офтальмологов.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исключались из участия в исследовании врачи-педиатры, врачи-стоматологи и врачи с отсутствием опыта профессиональной деятельности в условиях COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Вне зависимости от условий работы (в «красной»/«зелёной» зоне по COVID-19) врачи-мужчины и врачи-женщины выбор осуществляют в пользу пациентов одного с ними пола. При этом врачи, работающие в «красной» зоне по COVID-19, осуществляют профессиональный выбор в ситуации морального выбора в пользу молодых пациентов одного с ними пола с хроническими заболеваниями. Врачи, работающие в «зелёной» зоне, осуществляют выбор в пользу спасения пациентов пожилого возраста одного с врачами пола.</p><p>Соблюдение этических стандартов. Исследование проведено в соответствии с требованиями Основ законодательства «Об охране здоровья граждан». Все участники подписали информированное согласие на обследование (выписка из протокола заседания этического комитета № 6 от 15.04.2021).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Никишина В.Б. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование, утверждение окончательного варианта статьи; Петраш Е.А. — написание текста, редактирование, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи; Моргун А.Н. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных; Моргун Л.А. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных; Недуруева Т.В. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 09</title><p>Поступила 09.02.2022Принята в печать 16.03.2022Опубликована 28.04.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has added new semantic trend to the problem of the professional choice of doctors through a change in the conditions of their activities in the direction of intensifying tasks, complicating the possibilities for their implementation, and multiplying the uncertainty of the efforts made.</p></sec><sec><title>The purpose of the study</title><p>The purpose of the study. Assessing the professional choice of doctors in the context of COVID-19 when solving moral dilemmas.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The total sample size was four hundred twenty nine people (doctors of various surgical and therapeutic specialties) aged of 25–32 years. All doctors had at least 1.5 years of practical experience in COVID-19 conditions. The study was conducted using a questionnaire developed by the author, containing 24 moral dilemmas related to professional decision-making.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Regardless of the doctor’s profile, professional choice is made in favour of patients of the same gender as the doctor. At the same time, both male and female doctors strive to save young patients (up to 50 years old) with chronic diseases. At the same time, it should be noted that the profile (therapeutic or surgical) of a doctor and his specialty also influence the criteria for choosing professional decisions. Clear criteria in the situation of moral choice have not been established only in the group of ophthalmologists.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Excluded from participation in the study were pediatricians and dentists, as well as doctors who lack professional experience in the context of COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was found that regardless of the working conditions (in the red zone for COVID-19, in the green zone), both male and female doctors choose in favour of patients of the same gender. At the same time, doctors working in the red zone on COVID-19 make a professional choice in a situation of moral choice in favour of young patients of the same gender with chronic diseases. Physicians working in the green zone make the choice to rescue elderly patients of the same gender as physicians.</p><p>Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Fundamentals of Legislation «On the Protection of the Health of Citizens». All participants signed an informed consent for the examination (extract from the protocol of the meeting of the ethical committee No. 6 dated April 15, 2021).</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Nikishina V.B. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Petrash E.A. — writing the text, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Morgun A.N. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing of data; Morgun L.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing of data; Nedurueva T.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing of data.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 09, 2022Accepted: March 16, 2022Published: April 28, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моральная дилемма</kwd><kwd>врачи оперирующие</kwd><kwd>врачи не оперирующие</kwd><kwd>профессиональный выбор врачей</kwd><kwd>работа врачей в условиях COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>moral dilemma</kwd><kwd>professional choice of doctors</kwd><kwd>operating doctors</kwd><kwd>non-operating doctors</kwd><kwd>work of doctors in the context of COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patil I., Silani G. Alexithymia increases moral acceptability of accidental harms. J. Cogn. Psychol. 2014; 26(5): 597–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.929137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patil I., Silani G. 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