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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-2-156-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">xxpcom</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт отечественного и зарубежного здравоохранения по назначению на должности руководителей медицинских организаций специалистов без медицинского образования (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience of domestic and foreign healthcare by appointment of specialists without medical education to the head positions of medical institutions (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-4670</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошаев</surname><given-names>Олег Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoroshaev</surname><given-names>Oleg E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-7226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трегубов</surname><given-names>Валерий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tregubov</surname><given-names>Valeriy N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, проф. каф. общественного здоровья и здравоохранения имени Н.А. Семашко Института общественного здоровья им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: tregubov_v_n@staff.sechenov.ru </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, Professor, Professor at the N.A. Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: tregubov_v_n@staff.sechenov.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tregubov_v_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хорошаев О.Е., Трегубов В.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хорошаев О.Е., Трегубов В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khoroshaev O.E., Tregubov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1184">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1184</self-uri><abstract><p>На фоне повышенного внимания зарубежных коллег к назначению врачей на должности руководителей больниц в России всё чаще начинает обсуждаться вопрос о привлечении к управлению медицинскими организациями специалистов без медицинского образования.</p><p>Цель исследования заключается в анализе исторических и современных литературных источников, освещающих опыт отечественного и зарубежного здравоохранения по назначению специалистов без медицинского образования на должности руководителей медицинских организаций.</p><p>Анализ литературных источников осуществлялся с 1940 по 2021 г. в электронных научных библиотеках Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Центральной научной медицинской библиотеке и Российской государственной библиотеке по ключевым словам: менеджер здравоохранения, организатор здравоохранения, медицинское лидерство, руководитель медицинской организации.</p><p>В статье представлены исторические данные о формировании в России с начала XVIII в. первых медицинских организаций для нужд армии и флота и назначении в них врачей на руководящие должности. С 1755 по 1908 г. руководство военными госпиталями временно было передано специалистам без медицинского образования, что привело к многочисленным конфликтам и снижению эффективности работы больниц. В настоящее время в ряде зарубежных государств с целью совершенствования качества медицинской помощи активно обсуждается вопрос о передаче в больницах управленческих функций врачам.</p><p>Основными причинами дискуссии о целесообразности назначения на руководящие должности в медицинские организации специалистов без медицинского образования являются более короткие сроки их подготовки, деятельность здравоохранения в рыночных условиях, необходимость владения современными руководителями лидерскими, управленческими, экономическими и юридическими компетенциями.</p><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Опыт работы отечественного и зарубежного здравоохранения свидетельствует о целесообразности назначения на руководящие должности в медицинские организации врачей, имеющих лидерские качества и специальную подготовку в области организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья. Это способствует формированию корпоративной культуры в медицинских коллективах и повышению качества медицинской помощи населению.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Хорошаев О.Е. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, составление списка литературы; Трегубов В.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 10</title><p>Поступила 10.02.2022Принята в печать 11.03.2022Опубликована 28.04.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Following the special attention of foreign colleagues to appoint doctors as hospital managers, the issue of appointing specialists without medical education to the management of medical institutions in Russia is increasingly being looked at and discussed.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to analyze historical and modern literary sources that highlight the experience of domestic and foreign healthcare by appointing specialists without medical education to the head positions of treatment and preventive medical institutions.</p><p>The analysis of literary sources from 1940 to 2021 was carried out in electronic scientific libraries: Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Central scientific medical library and the Russian State Library by keywords: manager, physician, physician leadership, hospital CEO.</p><p>The article presents historical data on the formation in Russia since the beginning of the 18th century of the first medical institutions for the needs of the army and navy and the appointment of doctors to senior positions in them. From 1755 to 1908, the management of military hospitals was temporarily transferred to specialists without medical education, which led to numerous conflicts and a decrease in the efficiency of hospitals. Currently, in a number of foreign countries, in order to improve the quality of medical care, the issue of transferring managerial functions to doctors in hospitals is being actively discussed.</p><p>The main reasons for the discussion about the expediency of appointing specialists to senior positions in medical institutions without medical education are: shorter terms of their training; health care activities in market conditions; the need for modern managers to possess leadership, managerial, economic and legal competencies.</p><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The work experience of domestic and foreign health care indicates the expediency of appointing doctors with leadership qualities and special training in the field of healthcare institutions and public health to senior positions in medical institutions. This contributes to the formation of a corporate culture in medical teams and improving the quality of medical care for the population.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Khoroshaev O.E. — collection and processing of material, writing text, compiling a list of references; Tregubov V.N. — concept and design of research, writing text, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: February 10, 2022Accepted: March 11, 2022Published: April 28, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>менеджер</kwd><kwd>врач</kwd><kwd>руководитель медицинской организации</kwd><kwd>организация здравоохранения</kwd><kwd>лидер</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>manager</kwd><kwd>physician</kwd><kwd>hospital CEO</kwd><kwd>health care organization</kwd><kwd>leader</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богатова И.В., Шильникова Н.Ф. Оценка социальной эффективности первичной медико-санитарной помощи. 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