rfhealthЗдравоохранение Российской ФедерацииHealth care of the Russian Federation0044-197X2412-0723Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman10.47470/0044-197X-2022-66-6-542-548rfhealth-1027Research ArticleДИСКУССИИDISCUSSIONSМеждународные аспекты антивакцинаторства: последствия для общественного здравоохранения (обзор литературы)International aspects of anti-vaccination attitude: implications for public health (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-1869ПивовароваОксана АнатольевнаPivovarovaOksana A.

Доктор мед. наук, учёный секретарь, ГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы», 115088, Москва.

e-mail: pivovarovaoa1@zdrav.mos.ru

Аcademic secretary of the Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation.

e-mail: pivovarovaOA1@zdrav.mos.ru

pivovarovaoa1@zdrav.mos.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-5861КураеваВ. М.KuraevaViktoriya M.noemail@neicon.ruГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияResearch Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian Federation202212122022666542548Copyright © Пивоварова О.А., Кураева В.М., 20222022Пивоварова О.А., Кураева В.М.Pivovarova O.A., Kuraeva V.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1027

Успешные программы иммунизации являются результатом высокой эффективности вакцин и их своевременного использования. Проведённые многочисленные исследования показали, что иммунизация будет эффективной при сопутствующей поддержке со стороны правительства с учётом местных культурных особенностей населения, подходов к вакцинации для оптимизации результатов.

Цель — обобщить мировые данные о существующих программах иммунизации и сопровождающих их проблемах.

Методы поиска литературы включали поисковые запросы в виде набора ключевых слов «вакцинация/вакцина», «иммунизация», «антипрививочники», «пандемия», «общественное здравоохранение» с последующим рассмотрением полнотекстовых источников, размещённых в свободном доступе в среде Интернет по базам данных Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, The Cochrane Library. В информационно-поисковых системах проводился анализ полученных результатов с учётом полного соответствия заданным критериям поиска среди документов и сайтов.

В отличие от большинства лекарственных препаратов, польза от которых ограничена, вакцины предотвращают тяжёлые заболевания и их последствия для общественного здоровья. Результат иммунизации определяется путём оценки воздействия непосредственно на вакцинированного человека, косвенно — на невакцинированное сообщество. Успех иммунизации зависит от уровня всеобщего охвата, достаточного для прерывания путей передачи патогена. Сокращение масштаба охвата иммунизацией приведёт к возобновлению заболеваний и новым вспышкам со значительными темпами роста заболеваемости и смертности. Во многих случаях отказ от вакцинации является следствием того, что люди прислушиваются к убеждениям и копируют поведение других. Важным следствием такого неправильного восприятия является потенциальное участие в распространении инфекционного патогена из-за ложного убеждения «вреда вакцинации».

Таким образом, обеспечение успеха непрерывности программ иммунизации является обязанностью граждан, медицинских работников и правительства.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Пивоварова О.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, составление списка литературы; Кураева В.М. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Поступила 18

Поступила 18.07.2022Принята в печать 07.09.2022Опубликована 12.12.2022

Successful immunization programmes are the result of high vaccine effectiveness and timely use. Numerous studies have shown that immunization will be effective with government support, taking into account the local culture of the population, and approaches to vaccination to optimize results. 

Purpose

Purpose. Summarize the world’s data on existing immunization programs and their accompanying problems. Literature search methods included search queries, in the form of a set of keywords «vaccination/vaccine», «immunization», «anti-vaxxers», «pandemic», «public health» followed by full-text sources, Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, The Cochrane Library. In the information retrieval systems, the analysis of the results was carried out, taking into account full compliance with the specified criteria of search among documents and sites. 

Unlike most medicines, which have limited benefits, vaccines prevent serious diseases and their public health consequences. Immunization outcome is determined by assessing the impact directly on the vaccinated person, indirectly on the unvaccinated community. The success of immunization depends on a level of universal coverage sufficient to interrupt pathogen transmission. Declines in immunization coverage will lead to a resurgence of diseases and new outbreaks with significant gain in the morbidity and mortality rate. In many cases, refusal to vaccinate is the result of people listening to beliefs and copying the behavior of others. An important consequence of this misperception is the potential involvement in the spread of an infectious pathogen due to the false belief that “vaccination is harmful”. 

Thus, ensuring the success of the continuity of immunization programs is the responsibility of citizens, health professionals and government, among others.

Contribution of the authors: Pivovarova O.A. — research concept and design, collection and processing of material, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature; Kuraeva V.M. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: July 18, 2022Accepted: September 07, 2022Published: December 12, 2022

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.