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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rfhealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Российской Федерации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-197X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-0723</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0044-197X-2022-66-6-478-483</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rfhealth-1018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка роли нездорового питания и низкой физической активности в развитии сахарного диабета и кардиоваскулярных осложнений (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the role of unhealthy diet and low physical activity in the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9856-8643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ойноткинова</surname><given-names>Ольга Шонкоровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oynotkinova</surname><given-names>Olga Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, ГБУ г. Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы», 115088, Москва.</p><p>e-mail: olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci, Professor, Scientific Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, 115088, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-oynotkinova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1437-5861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кураева</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuraeva</surname><given-names>Viktoria M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-3845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esin</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-1014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусаренко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusarenko</surname><given-names>Sergy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of Health; Central State Medical Academy Administration of the President of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУ города Москвы «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Health Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Department of Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central State Medical Academy Administration of the President of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Филиал Главного управления по обслуживанию дипломатического корпуса при Министерстве иностранных дел Российской Федерации «Медицинский центр»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Branch of the Office for the Service of the Dipomatic Corps at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia “Medical Center”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>478</fpage><lpage>483</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ойноткинова О.Ш., Кураева В.М., Есин Е.В., Гусаренко С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ойноткинова О.Ш., Кураева В.М., Есин Е.В., Гусаренко С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Oynotkinova O.S., Kuraeva V.M., Esin E.V., Gusarenko S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1018">https://www.rfhealth.ru/jour/article/view/1018</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор основан на обобщении эпидемиологических, демографических и страноведческих исследований и экспертных материалов Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Европейской обсерватории по системам и политике здравоохранения в области общественного здравоохранения, анализе существующих и имеющих тенденцию к прогрессированию медико-социальных проблем, связанных с ростом среди населения избыточной массы тела, ожирения и ассоциированных с метаболизмом заболеваний, включая сахарный диабет (СД). Поиск и отбор статей осуществлялся по информационным базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ, материалам, опубликованным в бюллетенях ВОЗ. Несоблюдение принципов здорового питания, низкая физическая активность рассматриваются факторами риска развития СД 2-го типа. Приведённый анализ показывает, что такие модифицируемые факторы риска, как неправильное, несбалансированное питание, низкая физическая активность, являются триггерными факторами развития ожирения и ассоциированных с метаболизмом заболеваний, в частности, СД 2-го типа с последующими кардиоваскулярными осложнениями. При этом высок пятилетний риск развития новых случаев СД 2-го типа, что влечёт раннюю инвалидизацию и экономические затраты на оказание медицинской помощи.</p><p>Стратегии, направленные на снижение факторов риска развития СД 2-го типа и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, должны быть ориентированы на коррекцию образа жизни, улучшение рациона питания, увеличение физической активности.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Ойноткинова О.Ш. — концепция статьи, написание текста, редактирование; Кураева В.М. — сбор и обработка материала; Есин Е.В. — обработка материала, редактирование; Гусаренко С.А. — статистическая обработка материала, составление списка литературы. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 18</title><p>Поступила 18.07.2022Принята в печать 07.09.2022Опубликована 12.12.2022</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The presented review is based on a generalization of epidemiological, demographic and country studies and expert materials of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Observatory on Public Health Systems and Policies in the Field of Public Health and an analysis of existing and progressive medical and social problems associated with the growth of overweight, obesity and metabolic-associated diseases among the population, including diabetes mellitus. The search and selection of articles was carried out using the information databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI, materials published in WHO bulletins. Non-compliance with the principles of a healthy diet, low physical activity are considered risk factors for the development diabetes of type 2. The above analysis shows that such modifiable risk factors as improper, unbalanced diet, low physical activity are trigger risk factors for the development of obesity and metabolically associated diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus type 2 with subsequent cardiovascular complications. At the same time, the five-year risk of developing new cases of diabetes type 2 is high, which entails early disability and, according to experts, the economic costs of providing medical care.</p><p>Strategies aimed at reducing risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiac vascular diseases should be focused on lifestyle correction, improving diet, and increasing physical activity.</p><p>Contribution of the authors: Oynotkinova O.Sh. — the concept of the article, writing the text, editing; Kuraeva V.M. — writing the text; Esin E.V. — research concept and design;Gusarenko S.A. — collection and processing of material, compilation of the list of literature. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study was not sponsored.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 18, 2022 Accepted: September 07, 2022Published: December 12, 2022</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>общественное здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2-го типа</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>нездоровое питание</kwd><kwd>низкая физическая активность</kwd><kwd>кардиоваскулярные осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>unhealthy diet</kwd><kwd>low physical activity</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular complications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оценка экономических потерь от нездорового питания и низкой физической активности. Обзор фактических данных и предлагаемая общая схема оценки. 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